Winter greenhouse do it yourself: types of heating

06-07-2018

Useful

The presence of a greenhouse on the summer cottage is a common phenomenon. Using different materials, it is possible to build greenhouses of various shapes and sizes. Work in them begins in early spring and ends in autumn. Having your own vegetables is not only economical, but also safe, as you can be sure of their quality. That is why many have a desire to equip a winter greenhouse. It can grow vegetables and fruits all year round, even if it is freezing outside.

Can build a summer cottage amateur? In fact, not much time and money are needed for the construction and arrangement of the winter greenhouse, so you can manage the tasks on your own. In this article we will explain how to build a winter greenhouse with your own hands, demonstrate the necessary drawings, as well as photo and video instructions.

Features and differences from the summer greenhouse

At construction of the winter greenhouse, unlike summer, the strong and reliable design is made. She stands on the foundation. In addition, the heating system works in the winter greenhouse. It is from the latter that the quality and consistency of the temperature inside will depend. Each winter greenhouse must be present:

lighting;
heating;
ventilation;
watering.

The size of the greenhouse must be selected in accordance with the number of crops to be grown. Coating material must be reliable. A simple film does not protect the culture from frost and snow. It is also important to provide the possibility of additional wall insulation.

When developing a winter greenhouse, it is necessary to fulfill several conditions for good plant growth: light and temperature conditions, as well as air humidity.

The main types of winter greenhouses

Modern winter greenhouse can be built from various materials. Today the construction market is filled with innovative materials. They are characterized by high strength, lightness and reasonable price. This allows you to choose everything you need within even a small planned budget. At the preparatory stage it is necessary to plan the structure. Her choice will depend solely on the plants to be grown.

Types of winter greenhouses are distinguished not only by the materials used, but also by external forms.

Odnoskatnaya - wall and with earthen filling.
Gable - with main walls and a glass roof.
Polycarbonate арочная.

Criteria for choosing the type of greenhouse

The parameters are calculated first, since further calculations will depend on this.
It is also necessary to take into account the functionality, that is, to know in advance the features of growing crops. In modern and modernized winter greenhouses, you can grow not only vegetables and fruits, but also mushrooms, greens, and flowers.
The microclimate inside the structure will depend on the correct location of the greenhouse on the ground level. If desired, the design can be deepened inward and get the effect of a thermos or start construction on the surface. Some prefer to build greenhouses in old buildings (garage or shed).
A wide variety of architectural solutions allows you to embody any ideas and ideas. You can build the structure yourself or buy the finished structure. You can also ask for help from specialists.

Many grow flowers of various crops for sale. When choosing exotic plants, it is necessary to calculate all costs, as well as to study the requirements for the construction.

Correctly selected material - a pledge of protection from the cold

When developing a project, it is necessary to take into account the material with which the skeleton will be sheathed. The winter greenhouse must be durable and airtight, so for arranging the frame choose:

tree;
metal.

Both materials are very durable, so making a choice towards one or the other is quite difficult. Metal is durable and reliable, but it is much easier to work with wood. In addition, the tree will not heat up at high summer temperatures. To withstand the weight of the whole structure, as well as the load of snow on the roof, it is necessary to use strong and thick racks.

Material for cladding frame:

film;
glass;
cellular polycarbonate.

При выборе пленки необходимо обшивать каркас не в один слой, а в несколько. К тому же не стоит использовать ее для обустройства всей конструкции. Стекло имеет также много недостатков: большой вес, хрупкость и сложность монтажа. Самым подходящим материалом для зимней теплицы является cellular polycarbonate. В число преимуществ относят: небольшой вес, светопроницаемость, а также легкость монтажа.

According to experts, the microclimate in a greenhouse made of wood is several times better than that of metal. When choosing a tree, it must be treated with modern antiseptics and protective agents.

Selection of a place for arranging a winter greenhouse

When choosing a site for the construction of a winter greenhouse, it is necessary to take into account three main factors:

Shine. Winter greenhouse should receive the maximum amount of sunlight. The greenhouse is best placed along the length from west to east.
Wind. If in a chosen place quite often there are gusty and cold winds, it is necessary to consider protection. This will save on heating and constantly maintain an acceptable temperature and microclimate.
Convenience. Access or passage to the greenhouse should be wide and convenient. Due to this, it will be very convenient to operate the greenhouse as intended.

When organizing protection from strong winds, you can land a hedge. It should be remembered that the fence should be placed at a distance of at least 10 m. The distance is calculated depending on the height of the ridge.

Choosing a heating system

The most basic in the winter greenhouse is heating. This process is the most time consuming and complex. For his organization requires the help of specialists. But you can do everything yourself. It is necessary to choose the right type of heating, on which the productivity of the greenhouse will depend. To date, there are many ways to arrange to heat even a large area. Each of them has its advantages and disadvantages:

The sun. Affordable and cheap option. But for winter, it is not suitable, since the sun's rays are not so strong and will not be able to warm. It can be combined with other sources of heat.
Biological heating. Biologically active substances decompose, due to this heat is released. The simplest biological substance is manure. As is the case with the sun, this method will not be able to fully heat even a small area.
Electricity. An affordable and popular heating method. It can be installed anywhere on site. You can use different electrical appliances for it: convectors, heaters, infrared radiation, cable heating, heat pump and water heating.
Air heating. It is organized at the initial stage of construction of the winterhouse, in particular, when pouring the foundation. With the help of heating and ventilation units, warm air is supplied to the middle and upper part of the greenhouse.
Gas. In the greenhouse, gas heaters are installed, in which direct combustion takes place. To avoid oxygen burnout it is necessary to provide a good ventilation system.
Bake. An affordable and economical option is to install a stove and heat the entire area of a winter greenhouse. Gas, wood and coal can be used as fuel. Among the shortcomings can be identified heating the walls, so planting plants near the stove is not recommended.

It is necessary to choose the type of heating on an individual basis for each specific case. It is necessary to be guided by such criteria as the local climate, the planned budget and the type of plants.

Stages of the construction of a winter greenhouse

Since the stages of construction and technology are completely dependent on materials and construction, there is no need to talk about standards. For example, we consider the construction of a winter greenhouse, which is adjacent to the house. A brick is selected for the foundation. The framework is built from a wooden bar or a profile pipe. Polycarbonate will sheathe the entire structure.

To create the effect of a thermos, you can not go deeper into the ground, but only lift the base. The depth of the foundation is 50 cm, width - 40 cm. For convenience, it is better to make a strip foundation. Do not forget about the sand cushion or use the gravel of the small fraction. The stages of implementation are standard and do not require any professional skills and equipment. After pouring it is recommended to maintain the foundation throughout the week. On hot days, the surface is moistened with water. Between the foundation and basement should be laid out a layer of waterproofing.

For the construction of the basement, you can use a used brick. If the financial side allows, then choose a new brick. The height of the wall should be about 1 m. The thickness of the walls can be half-brick or brick, at its own discretion. The framework is built from the strong and in advance processed wooden bar. In the role of fasteners are anchors and dowels. Thus, a skeleton is installed, which will be a reliable support for large loads. The frame under the roof must be done at an angle of 30 ° from the horizon line.

Sheath frame polycarbonate should be according to the standard scheme and technology. For a good result, you must comply with several conditions:

marking;
precise cutting;
accuracy of installation;
use of special fasteners;
sealing of seams of polycarbonate for tightness.

As ventilation can serve several vents installed around the perimeter.

For greater savings, it is recommended to pick a place near the house. Due to this, one of the walls is already fully prepared, so you do not have to spend time, effort and money. So that in the main part of the greenhouse it was always warm at the entrance door, it is necessary to attach a vestibule. For high-quality sealing, you can use mounting foam and special sealants.

Internal arrangement of facilities

After all the construction and sealing works have been completed in full, it is possible to proceed with the construction. So, in the greenhouse you need to bring water, electricity for lighting. It is important to worry about the valves, which will provide high-quality water supply.

When choosing sources of light scattering, it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of growing the selected crops. An equally important issue is the ground. The substrate is prepared, fertilizers and special additives are added (top dressing). They will ensure the rapid and correct growth of all the vegetables and fruits that have been selected.

Guided by the induced advice, in just a few days you can build and prepare a winter greenhouse for growing various crops in winter. It is enough to use all available materials and purchase the missing ones. With all the work you can cope alone, but it is better to have an assistant, especially when it comes to installing the skeleton of a winter greenhouse.

We recommend you read the article "Greenhouse from the profile and polycarbonate with your own hands."

Video

For information on how to make heating in a winter greenhouse, see the video: