The foundation for a bath with his own hands

05-08-2018

Useful

In this article we will talk about how to make a foundation for a bath with your own hands, consider the options for strip and columnar foundation.

Kinds

Before the construction of the foundation, it is necessary to determine the type of foundation, based on the type of soil on the site. If a house was erected before this, the type of soil is already known.

Wet or loose soil requires a strip foundation.
Clay soil - columnar.
Soil with a height difference - screw.
On swampy soils, the foundation must be chosen monolithic.

The best options are strip and column foundations. The choice of them can be made at the stage of deciding which building material the bath will be built from.

For example:

if it is planned to build a bath of blocks or bricks, a strip foundation is required.
if a wooden block or a log becomes a building material for a bath, a column foundation will be suitable.

Construction tape

To organize a strip foundation will require:

tape measure, cord, wooden stakes;
shovel, fittings in the form of metal rods and light wire for its binding;
sand, cement and gravel for the manufacture of concrete solution.

First you need to mark the stakes using roulette the corners of the perimeter of the future bath. Stretched rope will help get a smooth foundation.

Around the perimeter of the future bath you need to dig a trench deep below the level of freezing in the area. The trench should be at least 30 cm wide. Its outer edge should follow the markings made with stakes and rope.

At the bottom of the trench you need to pour 20 cm of sand and gravel, shed it and tamp it well.

The fittings are laid on top - ready-made metal gratings, the thickness of the rods are at least 1 cm. If the fittings are separate metal rods, they can be interconnected using soft wire.

After installing or laying the reinforcement on the prepared bottom of the trench, you can start filling it with concrete solution. It is advisable to arrange the reinforcement so that it does not touch the edges of the trench and at the same time does not rise above the ground surface.

For the bath, it is desirable to use high-grade cement and fine-grained sand - this will provide additional strength for the future construction.

If the strip foundation must rise above the ground surface, it is necessary to install a formwork of wooden planks before pouring the concrete mix. After a few days the formwork can be removed and the foundation left to dry for another week or two.

Columnar construction

If a columnar foundation is required, the following building materials and tools are required:

stakes, tape measure and twine;
manual or electric drill;
piles - wooden poles, asbestos-cement or metal pipes or bricks;
cement, sand and gravel.

First, the territory is marked out: the pegs are located at the corners of the perimeter of the future structure, and the rope is stretched between them.

The places under the pillars are marked: each hole should be located from the previous one at a distance of 1-1.5 m. Observe this distance is necessary for both external and internal supporting walls.

When using wooden logs, they must first be treated with antiseptic, in order to avoid premature rotting of the building material.

If pipes with a diameter of 20 cm — metal or asbestos-cement — act as the foundation of the foundation — they must be filled with concrete solution during the construction of the base under the bath.

First, with the help of a manual or electric drill, holes are arranged in the ground in marked places from 1.2 to 1.5 m deep and 25-30 cm wide.

At the bottom of each hole is placed 20-30 cm layer of sand and gravel pillow, it is shed with water and carefully tamped.

On the prepared bottom the processed wooden column or a pipe of necessary height is located.

Armature is placed in the middle of the pipe or around the pillar, after which the pipe is poured with concrete, and around it, like around the pillar, the soil is compacted.

Under the bath of timber

If the bath is from a bar, then for such a building you can choose the following types of foundation:

tape
columnar;
monolithic.

Consider the features of their construction directly for the bath of the beam.

Tape

Concrete is poured at the intended perimeter. It has the following positive characteristics:

This type of foundation can withstand two floors, as its design is quite strong.
It is very beneficial for the construction of baths, as it has a low level of thermal conductivity.
It is possible to build an underground room or cellar.

Column

If the bath will have a small size and moderate weight of the structure, then a columnar foundation can be made. Mostly this type of foundation is used for these types of soils:

clay;
gravel;
sand.

There are some of its advantages:

Relatively low price for construction.
If the soil in your area is inclined, then the columnar foundation will allow the construction of a bath.
Very easy to manufacture, so you can completely do without the help of experts.

Monolithic

This type of foundation is relevant for all types of soils. Its design is a reinforced monolith. Among its advantages are:

High strength and reliability.
You can build several floors.

The main disadvantage of the monolithic foundation is the high cost.

Under the frame bath

Under the frame bath means the use of ready-made frames for rapid construction. Considering these and other features of such a construction, let us compare the advantages of making strip and column foundations.

Features of the strip foundation

It is important to understand that the design of a frame bath implies the arrangement of sufficiently thick basement walls to hold the entire structure. Depending on the material used, the thickness of the foundation may be different:

Reinforced concrete - thickness from 10 cm.
Natural stone - from 5 cm.
Concrete - from 25 cm.
Plitnyak concrete - from 30 cm.

During the construction of the foundation, it is necessary to deepen it to a level below the soil freezing up to 20 cm. On the other hand, there is no sense in setting the foundation to a depth of more than 70 cm. From this it becomes clear that the strip foundation is divided into two categories:

Finely recessed.
Recessed

For the construction of a frame bath, it is sufficient to use a shallowly recessed foundation with a depth of up to 60 cm.

Features of the column base

Although the strip foundation has many advantages, it is used in most cases for buildings of blocks or bricks. Therefore, if the bath is wooden, you can stay on the column foundation. During its construction, you will need much less financial costs for the source material.

This foundation is particularly relevant for the construction of chopped, cob and frame structures. Since in the interval between the pillars there is no need to surround the special jumpers.

However, if the soil is weakly supported, then this type of base is not relevant. If you want to equip the basement, then with such a foundation it will be problematic to do so.

The foundation under the stove

If it is planned to install a brick stove in the bath, it is necessary to organize its own foundation for it.

At the future location of the stove, a hole in the ground is prepared with a depth of 50 cm. If one of the foundation pillars is provided at this site, then it is not installed at full height, but at a depth of 50 cm from the surface it goes into a square or rectangular mini monolithic base.

The bottom is filled with a sand-gravel pad, compacted, and fittings are placed on top. At the end of the hole is poured concrete solution.