Sanitary standards for cesspit

When creating an autonomous sewage system for a private house, waste disposal is an important issue. For these purposes use various devices and designs, but the most widespread are cesspools. Such structures are simple to perform and do not require large financial expenditures. When creating such structures, it is necessary to comply with certain requirements and standards, otherwise you can harm the environment and incur complaints from regulatory authorities. It is about what there are sanitary standards, what other requirements need to be followed and will be discussed in this article.

Where to place the cesspool

Before proceeding with the arrangement of the cesspool on your site, it is worth knowing where it is best to place it. For this you should get acquainted with SanPiN 42-128-4690-88 and SNiP 30-02-97. These documents indicate the general requirements for the location of sewage treatment plants, septic tanks and other sewage systems and devices.

The first indicator is the distance of the sump from the house and other buildings. According to the provisions of SanPin this figure should not be less than 20 meters. Such a requirement comes from the fact that unpleasant, and most importantly, harmful gases to human health emanate from impurities. The exception for the removal of summer kitchens and make-up time, in this case, the distance can be reduced. The place is chosen at the discretion of the homeowner in the range from 8 to 10 meters to the buildings. The documents indicate the maximum distance, it is 100 meters.

Also, building codes and sanitary regulations impose strict requirements on the location of drain holes from various sources of drinking water. So, if there is a well or spring nearby, then the distance to it should be at least 50 meters.

If the areas are small in size, it is impossible to fulfill all the requirements. In this case, on the advice of specialists, it is better to resort to cooperation. For all neighbors living on the same line, a single well or artesian well is constructed. So you can avoid water pollution from cesspools of neighbors.

Not forgotten in the documents and neighbors. So, the distance from the edge of the drain hole and the adjacent area should be more than 1 meter. But, as a rule, this indicator needs to be done more in order not to quarrel with neighbors. According to the current SanPiN, if a controversial situation has arisen, then the location of the cesspool may be determined by the administrative commission of the local Council.

The cesspool and septic tank must be located above groundwater. So you can avoid sewage in artesian wells and wells. The easiest case if the plot is flat. Under this option, there is no need to determine the direction of flow of groundwater. If the site has a slope, then it is desirable to arrange the pit at its lowest point.

According to existing rules and regulations, the drain hole must be constantly emptied. These actions must be carried out twice a year, or more often. At the same time it is necessary that the level of sewage does not reach a level above 35 cm from the upper edge of the pit.

According to SanPiN 42-128-4690-88, periodic disinfection should be carried out. It is performed using special chemicals. They should include:

• sodium hypochlorite - 3-5%;
• Creolin - 5%;
• lysol - 5%;
• bleach - 10%;
• naphthalisol - 10%;
• sodium metasilicate –10%.

In this case, according to SanPiN, it is prohibited to use dry bleach.

Other requirements

The issues of creating such structures in SNiP 2.04.02-84 and 2.04.03-85 are considered in more detail. Cesspools can be of two varieties:

1. Pit without a bottom.
2. Sealed pit.

The first option is suitable for use in households without permanent residence. In this case, it should not fall into drains more than a day. Such constructions can be used in the suburban areas, where the owners are only on weekends and a small (up to three people) company.

In structures without a bottom, the drains seep into the ground, which is a natural filter. Therefore, there are strict rules governing the distance to the drain hole from a spring or well (or other open source of water). This indicator will depend on the quality of the soil. For example, it is for:

• sandstone and sandstone - at least 50 m.
• loam - 30-35 m;
• clay soils - 20 m.

Sealed cesspools are more versatile. Such facilities can be located in any areas, with any number of people living. Sealed containers do not allow sewage to enter the environment, which means that they can be located close to residential buildings and a source of water. The main thing is that the smell does not interfere with comfortable living. To solve this problem, you can use biological products that contain colonies of bacteria. With their help sewage will be processed into safe sludge.

When creating hermetic structures, the main requirement is to ensure that the truck of the vacuum trucks is allowed to enter. Since the wastewater will not fall into the ground, the tank will quickly fill up. In this case, it is not allowed to overflow over the edges of the pit.

Federal Law

Compliance with all of the above rules and regulations is the responsibility of every homeowner. In Russia, there is the Federal Law No. 52 “On the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population”. This legislation specifies all requirements for compliance with sanitary standards. And according to article 57 of this law, their non-observance entails administrative punishment and compensation for damage.

If there is a cesspool at the site, which by any parameter does not correspond to the existing rules and regulations, then state bodies may demand to eliminate it. And if this causes damage to the surrounding nature or the property of the neighbors (for example, the groundwater or the site is contaminated), then the damage will have to be repaired.

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