Roofing pie

To protect the roofing and living space from the negative impact of atmospheric phenomena, an important part of the roof is a roofing pie. Each layer performs a specific task and is inextricably linked with the previous and next component of the cake. Proper construction of the roofing pie is a guarantee of durability and reliability of the roof. How to make it right and will be discussed in the article.

Composition

Compositionные части кровельного пирога:

• Internal lining.
• Vapor barrier.
• Heat insulation layer.
• Moisture insulating.
• Ventilation clearances.
• Anti-icing roof system.
• Roofing material.

All these elements will be discussed separately in the article.

Vapor barrier

Installing a vapor barrier protects the insulation layer from evaporation from the room. This layer is set first. By the way, the layers are counted from the inside of the roof. Parobaryer fits from the film, overlap. It is interconnected with a connecting tape. Thus, vapor tightness is ensured.

Innovative vapor barrier materials comprise a foil layer. Thus, it is possible to increase the heat-insulating characteristics of the cake, as well as to improve the refractoriness indicators.

It is worth noting that an air gap should remain between the vapor barrier and the insulation material. If you make a gap of 2 cm, the installation work will be more difficult, in addition, in this case you will have to increase the financial costs of the roof.

Thermal insulation

The next is the insulating layer. Most often for these purposes are used plates made of mineral wool. It is important that this material is resistant to deformation. Warming of the roof depends on the type of its construction. For example, you may need to insulate the roof itself or the overlap of the upper floor.

Insulation is not warm. Its function is to trap air in its fibers. This is called thermal insulation.

Moisture destroys insulation, for example, mineral wool. This is due to the fact that the coefficient of thermal conductivity of water is 20 times higher than the thermal conductivity of air. And, therefore, the heat insulator should always be dry.

To protect glass wool and mineral wool, these materials are treated with special impregnations. However, such an event does not provide 100% protection against moisture penetration. More reliable insulation in this regard is extruded polystyrene foam. It perfectly resists capillary and diffuse absorption of water. The only drawback of the material is the high cost compared to other more cost-effective heat insulators.

The installation of heat insulation can be carried out only at a decrease in the moisture content of the roof wood elements to at least 18%. Otherwise, the moisture from the wood will penetrate into the insulating layer, which, as mentioned above, will adversely affect the quality of the roofing pie as a whole.

Ventilation installation

Ventilated roof separates the layer of insulation and roofing material. The ventilation device involves the observance of the sequence of execution of several stages of work:

• If the roofing material is embossed, then it will not be difficult to make ventilation holes and install the ridge fan. A sheet having a waviness may be covered with a flat ridge. Today, forced ventilation is also encountered, providing artificial air circulation in the under-roof space. These processes are provided with special equipment.
• Near the ridge install the eaves and the ventilation holes. Each set for a soft roof in its configuration has a ventilated ridge.
• In the lower part there are special holes. Special protection prevents insects and small birds from entering them. After that, ventilated skates are installed.
• If it is impossible to carry out the above actions, then special roof fans are installed in the ventilated gaps at the top and bottom, which ensures the forced circulation of air.

Anti-icing system installation

Roof icing can be a serious problem. In order to avoid this danger, many owners of private households, install in the roofing pie systems that prevent the formation of ice. They are a heating cable and other equipment that provides heating of the roof in winter, which minimizes the likelihood of ice on the roof.

Stages of work:

1. Cable laying in places of snow accumulation and possible icing. This is the area at the gutters and dormer windows, if any.
2. Connecting cables to the power supply, as well as to the temperature sensor and control unit. This is a kind of weather station, which is turned on / off automatically in case of need.

Waterproofing

The choice of barrier depends on the type of roofing material to be installed. High-quality waterproofing ensures the preservation of all elements made of wood for a long time.

When installing a waterproofing film, it is important to know the exact location of the sides of the material, since one of them should be directed toward the roof, and the other toward the insulation. Otherwise the roofing pie will be made incorrectly.

Types of waterproofing materials

There are several types of materials for waterproofing the roof:

1. Super diffusion membranes - pass water vapor, but retain moisture. This material has a high vapor-permeable ability, which means that with this type of waterproofing there is no need to install the lower ventilation gap. Such a membrane should fit snugly to the insulation layer. Super diffusion membranes cannot be installed when using metal roofing and euroslate as a roofing material. The membranes are attached to the rafters with a counterbar on which the crate can be installed.
2. Diffuse membranes are films with pinholes resembling a funnel. Openings should be directed wide surfaces into the room. At the same time, for maximum efficiency of such material, ventilation gaps are made from below and from above. These membranes can be used in the arrangement of roofs of tiles and bitumen. These membranes pass steam and retain moisture entering from the side of the roofing material. In this case, it is impossible for the membrane to come in contact with the insulation, since this will lead to closure of the microperforations, as a result of which the membrane will lose vapor permeability. Membranes are used when installing roofing material that does not deteriorate when in contact with moisture.
3. Condensate films are designed to work with tiles and Euro-slate. In this case, install two ventilation gap. One side of the film is fleecy, which improves its ability to retain condensate deposits. After that, the moisture will move to the lower ventilation gap. The other side of the roof will be ventilated due to the upper air duct. Thus, protection of a roof from moisture is provided.

The device of roofing pie at installation of a soft roof

The layered structure of the roofing pie when installing a soft roof has almost the same composition that is used when installing a solid roofing material.

Soft roofing is made of materials that have high waterproofing characteristics. This includes both bituminous rolled materials, and their unit brothers, as well as mastics and innovative membrane coatings. Nowadays, soft roof has not only hydro-barrier, but also high aesthetic properties. Today it is possible to mount super-thin soft roofing materials to any type of foundation.

The advantage of a soft roof is that it combines insulating and aesthetic functions, as a result of which the roofing pie was reduced to only three layers.

In the process of installing shingles waterproofing perform on the entire plane of the roof only when the slope of the slopes is not more than 18 ?. If this figure is more, then waterproofing is placed only along the overhangs, along the valley and ridge, on the adjacencies and around pipes. The following factors affect the formation of a roofing cake:

• Type and purpose of the construction object (residential or household construction).
• Thermal insulation применяется только, если строение предназначено для постоянного, а не временного использования.
• The shape of the roof and the slope of the slopes.
• Type of foundation for roofing pie.
• Attic space - residential (attic arrangement) or non-residential.
• Determination of the thickness of thermal insulation, depending on the climatic characteristics of the region.
• Compatible cake layers. Otherwise, the installation of migration / separation layers would be required, which would entail additional financial costs.

In order for a roofing pie to be of high quality and durable when mounting a soft roof, it is important to take into account all the above factors.

Flat roof

When installing a flat roof as well as in the rest of the above cases, you need to make a roofing pie. In this case, it looks like this:

1. Reason.
2. Vapor barrier.
3. Insulation.
4. Gidrobarer.

The first step is the preparation of the base. It is leveled, cleaned, cracks are filled with a polyurethane sealant, with a seam width of 5 cm and a depth of 0.3 cm. Priming is carried out with an epoxy primer, which is pre-mixed with a mixer at minimum speed until uniform, and then on? diluted with water. The primer is applied with a roller or brush for painting work. Then the surface is reinforced with mastic.

The vapor barrier is applied polypropylene or polyethylene film, attached with a folder, nails or glued. Ventilation clearance should be 10 cm. Heat insulation should fit snugly to the roof, ventilation units and pipes.

Special features

As the base of the flat roof can serve not only reinforced concrete, but also the design of metal profiles. The method of installation of the cake and its type is selected depending on the base of the roof. As a vapor barrier applied bitumen or roll material.

One of these materials can serve as a heat insulator:

1. Expanded gravel.
2. Minka.
3. Cement-sand screed with expanded clay.
4. Polystyrene plates.

So, this article looked at the types of roofing pie, depending on the design of the roof. It can be said that the choice of the composition of the roofing pie is quite troublesome, since it is important to take into account the compatibility of materials, financial capabilities and the type of roof. However, in skillful hands, every thing goes wrong, so it all depends on the abilities of the master, who performs the calculation and installation of the roofing pie.

Video

In this video, you can learn other details of making a roofing pie: