Porch of concrete with their own hands

Often the basement of the house is too high, hence there are problems when entering the house, and then the presence of the porch will simply become an indispensable element of construction.

First of all, it is necessary that it be strong and proportionate to the house itself, otherwise the construction will look ugly and ridiculous. Currently, the choice of finishing materials is simply huge, and the question of how the porch and the facade of the house will look like depends entirely on your imagination and material possibilities. The design and style of the porch can also be very diverse. 

Выделяют нескaboutлькabout разнaboutвиднaboutстей фaboutрмы:

• в фaboutрме трапеции;
• in the shape of a rectangle;
• in the form of a square;
• in the shape of a circle. 

The design, in turn, can be:

• aboutткрытaboutй;
• closed;
• made in the form of a veranda. 

The arrangement of the railing and steps can be either on the side or on the front side.

Of course, for the construction you can hire a specialized team of professional builders, but if this is not possible, then you will need to do it yourself.

Features of construction

It is best to build a porch directly with the house. In this case, they will have a common waterproofing and a common base. Waterproofing is an obligatory stage necessary for the porch to serve you for a long time without any deformations. But, if simultaneous construction is impossible, it is necessary to know that the porch should be 5 cm below the door level. The presence of the steps depends entirely on the height of the entrance door. 

The choice of site for this building must meet, above all, the requirement of convenience. It is necessary to use only good quality material that is moisture resistant, since the porch will be constantly exposed to temperature changes.

In the beginning, the owner of the house should decide on the main stages of construction: 

1. Stage of preparation. There is a site preparation for construction, during which the dimensions are calculated;
2. Main. Its essence lies in the manufacture, installation and completion of formwork;
3. The final - concrete installation. 

Territory preparation and calculations

First you need to completely clear the area at the place of the future porch, remove the old one, if it was there. For works related to the foundation, dig a hole. Its depth is 20–30 cm, width is 2.5 cm larger than the entire site.

Next, a layer of rubble is filled up, then a layer of raw sand. It is necessary that the cavities in the rubble be filled with sand.           

Calculating the required dimensions, you need to start from the distance from the ground to the bottom of the threshold. The resulting figure will be considered height. Steps should be an average of 15 cm wider than the door. In order to make the exit from the house safe, the upper step should have a meter width.

To calculate the height of a single step, the height of the porch is divided by the number of steps to be made.

Work with formwork

Пaboutсле прaboutведения всех неaboutбхaboutдимых расчетaboutв изгaboutтавливают aboutпалубку, высaboutта кaboutтaboutрaboutй дaboutлжна быть бaboutльше на 30 см высaboutты самaboutгabout крыльца, пaboutскaboutльку aboutна уйдет в грунт. Вaboutзмaboutжен вариант, чтaboutбы aboutпалубка была выше на 20 см, нabout этabout тaboutлькabout в тaboutм случае, если грунт прaboutчный. 

It is necessary to draw risers and treads at an angle of 90^about. Then the platform and treads are drawn with a slope of 6 mm and a depth of 30 cm of water flow. After that, the risers are drawn. Their slope is 15^about. It is necessary to attach stiffening ribs to the sides of the formwork. Next, retreat from the wall of the building by 1 cm and assemble the prepared shields. Stakes are driven to a depth of 25 cm. Their distance from the excavation is 45 cm. Struts are placed between the formwork and stakes, the base is covered by 10 cm and tamped down. Boards are cut to the size of the risers, and boards are nailed to the formwork. For this you will need clusters with a double cap. 

Concreting

Finally, the foundation of the house is covered with roofing felt, and then a sealant is applied to create a thermal joint. From the inside, the formwork is coated with grease to avoid adhesion of concrete to the structure.

It is best to concrete the porch immediately from the tray. It is more convenient if the concrete mixer is located directly near the porch. Laying start from the bottom step, moving up. 

Закрепление aboutпалубки дaboutпaboutлнительными пaboutдпaboutрками пaboutмaboutжет предaboutтвратить ее дефaboutрмацию пaboutд давлением бетaboutна. Неaboutбхaboutдимabout нанaboutсить бaboutльшaboutе кaboutличествabout бетaboutна, вabout избежание пустaboutт и aboutтверстий. Пaboutсле aboutтделки бетaboutннaboutй пaboutверхнaboutсти, неaboutбхaboutдимabout дать ей выдержаться в течение недели, пaboutсле чегabout aboutпалубку мaboutжнabout будет снимать.

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