How to make the overlap between floors

During the construction of modern country buildings their future owners often have to independently engage in the manufacture of interfloor ceilings. However, before you do the overlap between floors, we strongly recommend that everyone familiarize themselves with the technology of their construction.

Floor requirements

The subject of our consideration are interfloor overlappings, the choice of which must necessarily take into account the strength and durability of the prepared structure. In this case, the following characteristics are usually considered as additional requirements for structures of this class:

• thermal insulation properties of floors;
• sound insulation between floors;
• resistance to fire.

However, the main condition for the effectiveness of interfloor ceilings remains high structural strength, providing the possibility of finishing the ceilings and reducing the likelihood of cracks and other defects on them.

In assessing the advantages of interfloor structures, special attention is paid, of course, to their sound insulation characteristics. If there are rooms with a high level of humidity in the project (a bathroom, for example), an additional advantage may be the presence of waterproofing in them.

According to the method of their installation, all structures of this class can be divided into beam overlaps and monolithic type floors.

Beam type overlaps

Beam structures are made on the basis of metal, wooden or reinforced concrete beams with their subsequent finishing with all necessary elements of floors. Consider each of these categories in more detail.

Wooden beams

Overlapping structures made on the basis of wooden beams are the most common type of flooring in private construction. Such popularity is due to the following reasons:

• ease of overlap, made of "business" wood;
• simplicity and ease of installation of beams;
• The ability to do without the involvement of special equipment (lift or crane).

The strength of the constructed structure is largely determined by the span of the wooden floor. Since the tree is easily deformed, to ensure the design bearing capacity of the beam should be laid with a normalized step (from 0.7 to 1 meter). In this case, the following rule should be adhered to: the longer the gap between the beams, the thicker they should be.

Selection of a section of wooden beams is made taking into account the optimum ratio of their sides (usually - 7: 5). In the intervals between them is sound and heat insulation material, laid directly on the so-called "hemming", which is also the ceiling for the lower room. In addition, to protect the structural elements from fire, as well as in order to extend their service life should be processed with appropriate protective compounds.

The sections of the beams that are in contact with the bricks, in particular, should be coated with resin and wrapped with a piece of roofing material.

The masonry should have special niches in which the beams are fixed with anchor bolts of a suitable size. All subsequent operations are performed in the following order:

• directly on the "hemming" fit a layer of insulation, consisting of mineral wool or other lightweight insulation material;
• then a layer of waterproofing is applied, the function of which can be performed by ordinary polyethylene film;
• A reel is made over the beams, consisting of a draft and finishing floor, which is usually covered with plywood on top.

Metal beams

Due to its durability, metal beams have smaller dimensions and allow to save on the total volume occupied by the overlap. At the same time, the bearing capacity of structures is markedly increased, surpassing that for wooden beams many times over. But before you make the overlap between the floors of metal, you should know that the latter are not without certain disadvantages, the main of which are low corrosion protection and the impossibility of providing the necessary level of sound insulation.

Monolithic floors

Solid or non-beam ceilings are usually made of materials of uniform structure in the form of plates or prefabricated (prefabricated-monolithic) panels. Classical reinforced concrete slabs placed on top of the bearing walls and partitions of buildings can be attributed to the products of this class.

The disadvantages of monolithic ceilings include the need to attract qualified personnel and special lifting equipment.

Video

To calculate the number of beams use special programs, how to use them, see below:

We also offer to watch the video on the production of monolithic concrete floors: