How to make an abyssinian well
Abyssinian well called artesian well, consisting of a narrow pipe with a diameter of 25 to 45 mm. The rise is carried out by the pump from the aquifer and in an hour you can get 2 or 3 m3 water. This is a great way to organize irrigation in a suburban area that does not have central water supply. If you do not have enough performance, you can build two sources. While in the first liquid is typed, the second is used. Moreover, the wells are so compact that they are satisfied even in economic extensions or basements.
The water in this well contains almost no bacteria and harmful salts, because it was filtered through the soil and sand. If to provide protection from ingress of dirt from above, and to provide the bottom of the pipe with a filter from sand, then water, as a rule, corresponds to drinking water and it will not require additional cleaning.
Conditions
It is possible to dig a well on light sandy or fine-grained soils with a depth of water in the soil not lower than 20 m. The optimum distance is 5–8 m. This is due to the method of driving. On harder or clayey rocks, as well as with a very deep presence of aquifers, it is simply not possible to drive a pipe.
Another problem with the device well is a sufficient piezometric level of water, that is, the distance from the surface of the earth to the water mirror. The diameter of the pipe for the well is too small to install a submersible pump. Therefore, for lifting you have to use a surface vacuum apparatus. With a normal atmospheric pressure of 746 mm Hg. Art. the height of the water column is estimated to be 10.5 m, and in fact about 8 m. If the distance is greater, then no pump can lift it. It does not help even increase its capacity.
Drilling preparation
Plastic reinforced or galvanized metal pipes with a length of 1 or 2 m are well suited for drilling. As they dive, they are increased, screwing on new sections. Tightness is very important for the well, so the joints are sealed with silicone or oil paint. From above dress special couplings.
So that the end of the narrow pipe is not clogged with earth while drilling and is not silted when a liquid is taken, a special tip or filter needle is put on it. The material of the tube and tip is better to choose the same, this will avoid electrochemical corrosion and prolong service life.
If the filter needle is made of galvanized steel, then holes of about 8 mm in size are drilled evenly in a staggered manner. The butt is closed with a welded stainless steel mesh. It will play the role of a coarse filter for sand and silt. Inside it is necessary to install a fine filter. Finally, a pointed tip is welded, slightly larger than the pipe section. Then the drill will move easily in the thick of the earth.
Lead should not be used for solder - it is poisonous and can poison water. Take only pure tin.
Reinforced PVC pipe is also suitable for installation in the well. The filter needle is made of it in the same way:
- wall perforated hacksaw;
- The filter screen is inserted into the housing and fused into it.
Technology creation
Drilling of the Abyssinian well has its own distinctive features:
- A hole of about 1 cubic meter in size is being drilled at the location of the future well.
- The top layer of the earth passes by an ordinary drill to a shallow depth, until the moisture level of the soil is saturated with moisture - quicksand.
- Then begin to hammer the pipe into the ground. For this purpose, a “driving woman” is necessary - a weight of at least 30 kg. You can use the discs from the rod. Take care not to slip past the aquifer.
- During the work in a pipe constantly add water. When she begins to leave abruptly - the desired layer is reached. Then the design must be deepened by another half a meter or a meter. Make sure that the pile remains vertical all the time.
- As it dives into the soil, the pipe is extended by nozzles, and the earth is poured around it and compacted.
- After the end of drilling, the filter needle is washed under high pressure.
- A vacuum pump is installed, which works to create a vacuum, and a cloudy suspension is pumped out until the liquid is clear.
- To create an additional filtration circuit, marble chips are poured into the well.
- The area around the source is concreted to prevent contamination.
All operations are performed quite simply in a few hours. The normal service life of an Abyssinian well is from 25 to 30 years. But there are wells that have been operating for over two centuries. The installation does not require maintenance, except for replacing a thin filter every few years.
If the water still runs out, the pipe can be removed, moved and the source can be made in another area. Much space is not required for such a well, 1.5–2 m is enough2.