How to make a formwork for the stairs
When building a country house, it is often impossible to do without the construction of a concrete staircase. No matter where it will be: in the house, in the basement or at the entrance to the house, you will need some knowledge - how to make a formwork for the stairs.
Type of ladder and formwork
The staircase is a very complex construction, which must be comfortable, beautifully finished, durable and reliable, and most importantly - absolutely safe. For all these parameters, preference is given to the concrete stairs. She has excellent performance, aesthetic appearance. Concrete stairs are easily decorated with various facing materials.
Despite all this, it can make any home master. The main thing is to make all the calculations correctly and know how to make formwork for the stairs.
The complexity and complexity of the construction of stair formwork depends on the shape and its type.
The ladder located between the two walls has the lightest construction - no need to make side formwork. The walls themselves perform the carrier function. They are attached to the frame elements.
Formwork for a one-way stair is easy and simple to assemble. It is necessary to mount only one end formwork, as well as stair supports.
More complex formwork will require erection of a staircase with several marches and platforms between them. For additional details, various formwork elements, columns and supports will be needed.
Spiral concrete staircase has the most complex formwork. It is very difficult to manufacture, time consuming and requires serious financial investments. The formwork consists of numerous details of a curvilinear form, a set of support.
Calculation of the stairs
The main thing in calculating the stairs is the angle of its ascent. The most common is the limit of 25 to 45 degrees. A ladder with a sharp angle of elevation requires less concrete, but is difficult for older people to use.
The second step is to calculate the width and height of the steps.
We should not forget about all construction standards that must strictly comply with the product of the calculation of the stairs.
Formwork assembly
Reliability and longevity, beauty of the future concrete ladder depends on the correct assembly and durability of the formwork.
Edged board and waterproof plywood are the main elements of the formwork.
It is made for the whole staircase or separately for each step. It depends on where the future ladder will be located and what form it has.
To mount the formwork requires:
- edged board (30 mm), plywood waterproof (20 mm);
- timber construction (100x100).
Main formwork details:
- Sections of timber, which connect the formwork with each other.
- Timber for connecting elements of forming steps, which serves as an obstacle to the stretching of sheets during concreting.
- The timbering is face. It is made of plywood on a pre-made pattern.
All formwork parts must fit snugly together. Slots and grooves are not allowed.
Formwork is assembled with self-tapping screws. Typically, professional craftsmen use phosphated screws. They are black with incomplete thread. The use of nails is not recommended, they are then hard to pull out when dismantling the formwork. To facilitate the connection of parts among themselves use metal corners and short bars.
The following tools will be required for the work on formwork assembly:
- Plummet and level.
- Hacksaw or jigsaw.
- Screwdriver or screwdriver.
- Hammer.
Tools must be in excellent condition - it will protect against injury.
When establishing props, it is necessary to take into account the heavy weight of concrete. The stands of the assembled formwork, before pouring concrete, must stand on the ground or the floor, and not hang in the air. To avoid this under them, you can put lining or drive wedges. The whole structure is connected to each other with planks - this increases its rigidity.
The last stage of formwork assembly is reinforcement. This will give strength and rigidity to the whole structure. Usually use ribbed reinforcement with a wire diameter of 10 to 12 mm. Elements of the reinforcement are interconnected by soft wire.
Concreting
Concreting лестницы производится за один раз. Начинается заливка с нижних ступеней. В бетон добавляют щебень, чтобы он не вытекал из опалубки. Обязательно надо пользоваться электрическим вибратором. Это позволит уплотнить бетон и воспрепятствует образованию воздушных полостей. После высыхания опалубку разбирают, а лестницу украшают перилами и различными декоративными материалами.
Good knowledge of the question - how to make a formwork for the stairs, will allow you to quickly and efficiently do this work.
We recommend to read:
- how to make a spiral staircase with your own hands;
- how to make a wooden staircase to the second floor;
- how to choose a punch for the house.