How to make a concrete floor
Due to the fact that concrete floors are able to withstand significant loads, their scope is quite large. This type of floor is excellent for industrial buildings (factories, factories, warehouses, vegetable stores, offices, supermarkets, etc.).
Also, the concrete floor is often poured into sheds, garages and other outbuildings. The most common is a self-leveling concrete floor, but, for example, in the field of pig breeding slotted concrete floors are in demand. If you decide to do the self-pouring of the floor, then you just need to carefully study the recommendations on how to make a concrete floor correctly so that the surface is even, durable and resistant to cracking.
Tips
Starting to work on the production of concrete floor, adhere to the following recommendations:
- if the floor will experience increased loads, then the reinforcement cage must be pre-laid. For a concrete floor with low loads, reinforced mesh is suitable;
- for the device of a concrete floor it is necessary to use cement of brand not below M300.
After the tamping process, the thickness of the concrete floor should be approximately 12 cm.
Fill the concrete floor
Next, we will consistently consider the stages of manufacturing a concrete floor.
Leveling
Leveling основания проводится, как правило, с применением лазерного или оптического нивелира. С его помощью вам предстоит определить рельеф основания, уровень напольной поверхности и нулевую отметку.
Foundation preparation
When ground base You need:
- Tamp the soil, so that over time the floor does not begin to crack.
- Lay the sand "pillow" on top of the rammed soil. To achieve the required density, the sand should be laid 25% more than the calculated layer. The pillow must be poured with water and sealed with a roller.
If the room is already there concrete basethen you need to:
- Thoroughly clean the entire base surface of the floor.
- Fill existing cracks with sand-cement mixture or polymer.
- Dust and debris should be removed with a vacuum cleaner or a broom.
Waterproofing
As a waterproofing of the surface of the floor is often used rolled bituminous material or plastic film. Waterproofing helps prevent capillary penetration of ground moisture. The area of the film must be greater than the area of the floor.
Installation of formwork
For a concrete floor covering a large area, you should split the surface into rectangles of special sizes (maps). Determine the size of a particular rectangle yourself, because it depends on the forthcoming workload during the working day. Along the perimeter of the rectangle, install wooden formwork - so that the poured concrete is within the desired bounds before solidification.
Reinforcement
Reinforcement необходимо для обеспечения бетонному полу высокопрочностных характеристик. Обычно используется армированная сетка с размером ячеек 150?150 мм.
For the manufacture of concrete floor that can withstand more powerful loads, instead of the mesh, reinforcement cage is used.
Pouring the mixture
Concrete mix (1 part of cement + 2 parts of building sand + 4 parts of rubble + 0.4 parts of water) is easily kneaded using a concrete mixer, which can be rented for a while. The finished concrete mix has a short lifespan, so you need to use it quickly.
The time of pouring concrete cards should be without interruption.
When pouring small areas of concrete, gently level the surface and compact it with a special vibrator to the level of the installed beacons (stretched cords).
And before you start pouring large rooms, you will need to install guides at level zero. Then install the rails on the rails. Pour concrete should be a little higher level vibroraki. After pouring the vibrating rail pull along the guides, while leveling and compacting the concrete surface.
After 2-3 weeks, consider that your concrete floor is ready, because it completely hardens and gains its maximum strength properties.
Polished concrete floors
Many offices and supermarkets are satisfied with spectacular polished concrete floors that look beautiful. In addition, they are practical, durable and require little maintenance, which significantly reduces the cost of their maintenance and restoration. In the manufacture of polished concrete floors, more steps are needed: grinding the concrete (coarse processing), impregnating (compacting with chemical composition) the concrete surface and polishing the floor.
Concrete floor, made by all the rules, will have a high resistance to mechanical stress and wear.
We recommend to read:
- which electric floor heating is better to choose;
- how to make a self-leveling floor;
- laying laminate on the floor with their own hands.
Video
From the following video you will learn how to make a flat concrete floor with a minimum of effort: