How to choose water pumps

Centralized water supply in country houses and cottages does not always work as desired: interruptions, disconnection, weak pressure. Therefore, many homeowners prefer to install on their site autonomous swing station. In order to have no problems with water supply in the future, you will have to think in advance how to choose water pumps and how to install them.

What pumps are

There are many models on the market, which are divided into two main groups: professional and household. The former are capable of transmitting up to 3-4 tons of water per minute, while the performance of the latter is about 60 l / min. For a small private house more suitable household pump, but which one?

According to the principle of work they are:

• self-priming - the most common;
• manual - do not require electricity and other energy sources, only physical strength is needed;
• well and borehole.

According to the place of installation and the method of water intake, the pumps are separated:

• external - take liquid from open reservoirs;
• submersible - pump from wells or boreholes;
• injection - able to suck water from a ten-meter depth and more due to the special nozzles.

For the purpose of using the units are:

• drainage - pumped medium with solid suspensions;
• circulating - used for heating and air conditioning in the house;
• water apparatus.

The choice of a pump determines its purpose and source of water. To pump the liquid from a nearby reservoir, natural or artificial, and direct it to watering the garden, you need a submersible drainage pump. They also drain the flooded basements or trenches.

To deliver drinking water to the house, you will need a downhole installation with a filter or a submersible well. If the source is relatively clean, then you can download and surface apparatus. It should not be lowered into the pond and ensure that it is always drowned - the pump takes water with a hose.

In the plumbing and heating system will operate a powerful circulation pump.

Main selection parameters

The most important characteristic of the pump will be its capacity, that is, the ability to pump a certain volume of water per unit of time. A family of 4–5 people is enough for living with a device with a capacity of 30–40 liters per minute.

The next significant indicator that needs attention is the pressure or height to which the installation can raise water. The average numbers for domestic pumps are as follows: the suction depth is 4–7 m, the water column is 10–15 m. These parameters are important, because sometimes you have to not only pump fluid from the depth, but also deliver it to the second or even third floor while maintaining pressure. Moreover, the external pumps for wells are vortex and centrifugal. The former are more suitable for shallow wells and create good pressure in the pipeline. In addition, their price level is somewhat lower. Centrifugal machines are designed for very deep mines.

The pressure in the plumbing system depends on these two characteristics. The pressure generated varies for different pump models. And the value you need is calculated depending on the size of the site, the way groundwater is deposited and your needs.

What else to look for when buying a device?

When buying a particular brand of pump you should consider:

1. Quality plumbing. Its material, diameter and fittings are important: valves, tees, turn signals.
2. The idler controller, which stops the pump if there is no water in the system, and thus prevents its breakdown.
3. The pressure switch monitors the pressure in the pipeline and allows the unit to operate in different modes.
4. The accumulator monitors the working pressure and prevents overloading.
5. High-quality electrical insulation ensures safe use of the pump.
6. Power supply. There are electric and gasoline vehicles.
7. Motor cooling system. It is water or oil. The latter is considered more reliable, but such a model is worth more.
8. The number of phases of the mains. Particularly powerful pumps are powered by a three-phase network, the laying of which requires a separate permit, and this possibility is not everywhere.
9. Pump body Cast iron is heavy, but well dampens noise and vibration during operation. The shell of stainless steel or metal-plastic is more noisy, albeit light.

When choosing a submersible pump, it is important that it matches the cross-section of the well. Its maximum overall dimension must be at least 10 mm smaller.

Some parts of the water pump are considered consumable components, such as replacement filters and hoses. Sometimes it is necessary to replace switches or control units. Accumulators can also fail and have to be changed sooner or later.

Pay attention to the possibility of servicing your installation and the proximity of repair centers. Warranty obligations of different manufacturers sometimes vary widely.

Video

We offer to see an informational video about the types of pumps.