Hand pump for well water

Not everyone manages to organize an automatic water supply system for a country house, which includes the installation of pumping equipment. Often the main problem is financial, because for the implementation of such a project will have to spend considerably. As a result, many have to come to terms with reality and carry water in buckets from a well for watering and other needs. However, some such prospect leads to the search for an alternative solution. For example, install a hand pump for water from a well. This is an ideal solution to automate the process of water supply. Although it is difficult to get a large amount, it is better than carrying full buckets from a nearby street or carrying from somewhere, which is even worse.

In this article we will tell you about the existing types of hand pumps. Looking ahead, we note that there are 4 main types of them, among them are piston, sucker-rod, membrane and wing. We consider the features of each of them and be sure to talk about the arrangement of the well. In addition, instructions will be provided on how to make such a pump yourself. But first, let's take a look at the features of this equipment.

Features of hand pumps: advantages and disadvantages

By hand pump is meant a special device that pumps liquid to the surface from a well. Physical effort is needed to act on the lever mechanism. Unlike the automatic type, the flow rate of water is much lower. But this lever mechanism has advantages over its counterpart. If at the cottage there is no electricity supply, then you will have an uninterrupted source of water, including clean drinking water.

Especially hand pump is suitable for those who can not carry heavy buckets. Just a few taps on the lever, you can get a glass of water. This device has both positive and negative features, consider them:

Although such a device for the well can be made independently, most decide to buy finished products. This is explained by the fact that welding is used to manufacture the pump. Not everyone is able to perform a high-quality weld seam, as a result, the design efficiency is reduced to zero.

Pump classification

Today, you can often meet in the yards or in the private sector intake columns. Such columns have nothing in common with manual mechanical pumps. Why? In conventional columns, the water pressure is created by the pressure in the city water line. In a mechanical pump, pressure is created by means of pressure, which must be constantly pumped up by applying physical force.

All mechanical pumps are classified into 4 main groups:

1. Piston.
2. Shtangovye.
3. Membrane.
4. Wing.

Piston used for sources up to 10 m in depth. If the well depth is 30 m, then the sucker rod devices are ideal. Membrane is mainly used for pumping water in water supply systems. As for the winged hand pumps, this is the most expensive device. It is a rotary mechanism in a housing with a suction pipe.

Also, manual pumps vary in mode of operation and materials of manufacture. For example, some models can be operated only in the summer. Cases of such pumps can be made of plastic. There are also metal models of devices that should be insulated for operation in winter.

Now we invite you to learn more about all types of similar devices used to lift water from a well.

Piston hand pump: device and features

As already mentioned, a piston pump is used in cases where the water mirror is high. The maximum allowable limit for it is 10 m. If the mirror is deeper, the pump will not be able to raise the liquid to the surface.

Piston type device

The basis of the unit is a special piston, which is the main working unit. The piston itself is placed in the pipe and connected to the bottom of the device. Under the influence of efforts on a special lever, the piston moves up and down. As soon as the piston is in the water, it flows through the valve into the over-piston space. When the piston is raised, it is pushed through the outlet pipe.

The following nodes are visible from the outside:

• cylindrical housing;
• branch pipe for discharge;
• lever arm;
• rod extending into the cylinder.

The inner part consists of the following nodes:

• Piston - is located inside the liner and under the influence of the lever mechanism comes into effect.
• Stock - partly visible from the outside.
• Water outlet.
• Below the pipe is connected to the pump through the fitting.
• Valves located on the piston itself.

In the diagram you can see all these nodes, as well as familiarize yourself with the principle of operation of this pump:

It can be seen that the pump has 2 valves: one on the movable piston, the second on the stationary part, which, under pressure, opens and runs water. If it is not, then pumping out the water will be problematic. Usually, after using the pump, a small amount of liquid remains inside, as can be seen in the figure on the left side. When the piston is lifted up, the valve opens, thereby filling the inner cylinder.

The figure in the center shows that when lowering the rod with a movable piston, the lower valve closes. At the same time, the valve on the piston opens and collects liquid for its subsequent raising up. When the piston is fully lowered down the cylinder, the water is completely supplied from the lower chamber to the second.

Now, in the diagram on the right side, we see that the valve on the piston is closed, and water flows out through the nozzle. As you can see, the scheme of work is very simple. The only nuance of this pump is that with intensive use, rubber seals on the piston wear out quickly. Sometimes fail valves. If the liquid contains small impurities, then wear increases.

With regard to performance, measured in liters of liquid, lifted at one time, it varies depending on the model. The internal diameter of the cylinder, that is, the volume of water that is between the first and second valves, mainly affects the performance.

Video: piston pump operation principle

Varieties of piston pumps

These devices differ in the form of the working body, which displaces the liquid. So the pistons have these types:

• diaphragm (water is separated from the piston by a special diaphragm, and there is an oil or emulsion inside the cylinder);
• plunger (the piston is shaped like a cylinder);
• piston (piston has a disc-shaped form).

Piston pumps also differ in the method of action:

1. Differential. These are double-acting devices, they have 2 chambers (the first chamber has one valve, the second chamber has suction and working valves).
2. Double action. In contrast to the differential action, in this case water flows evenly. The design has 2 working chambers. Pumping fluid piston is carried out for 2 turns.
3. Single action.

These devices also vary in the number of pistons. There are pumps with pistons of small and large diameter.

Manufacturing piston pump yourself

Having dealt with the principle of operation of this device, it's time to talk about how you can do it. Many gardeners immediately consider this option, wanting to save money.

It is worth noting that such a pump, you can collect from scrap materials. To help provide you with instructions. Although it is not so detailed, since it is difficult to describe all the technological processes, it describes all the main structural elements that are necessary in the manufacture of a piston pump. After that, you can watch a video that complements all of the following:

These are the main processes for the manufacture of a piston pump. Also, secure the lever to raise the piston. All processes include welding, therefore, sufficient qualification is required. We suggest that you take a closer look at the manufacturing process in the video.

Video: how to make a piston pump

Rod hand pump - its features

This type of pump is also known as a stock pump. It is used in cases where the water mirror lies deeper than 12 meters. With such parameters, the piston type cannot cope. By design, they are a bit similar. The main working unit is a cylinder and a piston. The pumping process is carried out in almost the same way as in the case of the piston counterpart. However, they differ in that the pump part itself is located directly in the aquifer. You can see its feature on the diagram:

The working cylinder is located directly in the water column. To install such a pump, a well with a casing is required. The working cylinder with the main part is connected to a pressure pipe, inside of which there is a rod or rod. It is he who drives the piston. With regard to the presence of valves, there are also 2 of them, the first is located on the intake manifold of the cylinder, and the second on the piston.

Based on this scheme, it becomes clear that the flow up is not just a method of absorption. The working cylinder located in the aquifer creates a pillar. Each piston movement up and down creates pressure, replenishing the existing column with a new volume of fluid. Under this scheme, the water can be raised even from a depth of 30 meters.

If we compare the piston and rod assemblies, when using the latter, it is required to put more effort into raising water to the surface. For this reason, the pump lever is often made elongated. This allows for less effort to achieve maximum piston stroke.

Similar installations are more difficult. This also applies to installation work and subsequent maintenance. However, if there is no electricity at your summer cottage, and the aquifer is located at a depth of 25–30 meters, then the stock pump is simply indispensable.

Diaphragm pump

By such a pump is meant a special chamber, which is divided by an elastic membrane. Hence its name is membrane. It can be used to raise the water from a depth of 6 meters. This device has a round case, above which the handles are located.

The internal mobile partition connects to the handle. The design of the pump has an air chamber, it does not participate in the transfer of water. At the bottom of the device there are 2 connections. One of them is connected to the suction through the valve. The other serves as a supercharger.

When the membrane is pressed down, the pressure increases in the chamber where the fluid is located. This causes the valve to open. When the stem is raised, the membrane also rises. Under pressure through the check valve water runs. So, one valve is on the suction pipe, and the second on the exhaust.

For their manufacture is used metal or cast iron. One of the weak points of this pump is the membrane. With frequent use it quickly breaks. Moreover, over time, the membrane stretches and becomes elastic. Because of this, performance drops to zero. Water can see through the case, if the membrane breaks. Replace the membrane does not make any special problems. But even so, diaphragm hand pumps have not been widely accepted.

Video: self-made membrane principle unit

Impeller pump

Another type that we describe is winged. This pump is used not only for pumping clean water, but also oil products, sea water and other liquids. In the diagram, you can familiarize yourself in all details with the vane pump:

The device consists of the following components:

1. Inlet valve.
2. Valve seat.
3. Screw.
4. Housing
5. Screw.
6. Impeller.
7. Exhaust valve.
8. Lever.
9. Cap.
10. Ring.
11. Shaft.
12. Sleeve.
13. Stuffing from the gland.
14. Bung.

In order to set the impeller in motion, a handle is fixed and rigidly mounted on the shaft. If the pump will not be used in winter, then there is a plug on the body, by unscrewing which water can be drained.

Procedure for commissioning of the vane pump:

• Rinse the inside thoroughly with hot water. This is necessary because there is a conservation lubricant applied. During the flushing process, the plugs from the suction and discharge nozzles should be removed.
• Next, you need to install the handle.
• Using 2 bolts, the pump should be fixed vertically.
• After the pipeline is connected to the suction inlet. Under the influence of vacuum the pipeline should not be deformed. Therefore, the ideal solution would be to use a metal pipe.
• The same principle is attached to the pump and pressure pipe. Please note that there is an opening in the pressure pipe through which fluid is poured into the device.
• If the depth of water intake is more than 1 meter, then a check valve is attached to the suction pipe. It will ensure the normal operation of the pump.
• It is equally important to ensure the complete tightness of the suction pipe. Otherwise, the device will not work normally.

The main disadvantage of the vane pump is its small capacity. That is why it is rarely used in the household. He copes with a small amount of water.

Manual pump - features of the choice and widespread models

We have reviewed with you the main types of hand pumps that can be used to lift water from a well. If you can not do it yourself, you can consider ready-made models. When choosing, you must consider the following nuances:

• An important selection criterion is well depth. This figure is compared with the parameters of the pumps.
• It is also important to know the capacity, namely how much water it can pump out in one cycle.
• Casing diameter is taken into account. It is important to keep in mind one thing: if the diameter of the casing is less than 100 mm, then you will not be able to insert a pump unit of the sucker-rod pump into it.
• You should know the degree of contamination of the source. Usually in the passport to the products indicated technical indicators.
• Evaluate your strengths, if you manage to lift water from a great depth on your own.
• Differences in installation methods. Therefore, immediately think about which installation method is acceptable in your case, for example, it may be a fixed installation or a temporary installation, which means dismantling at the end of the warm season.
• A significant role is played by appearance.

Given these features, you can choose the pump that will perfectly meet your needs. Now let's take a look at the most common models in the table:

Pump name	Specifications	Cost of
	The case of the device is made of stainless steel. It is mainly used for pumping water from wells, wells, reservoirs with a water mirror not exceeding 8 m. During operation, a check valve is always installed. The height of the pump with a raised stem 0.75 m. The diameter of the connection to the pipe and the output hose is 1 inch. At one time, the pump pumps out a volume of 1.25 liters. Operation is allowed at a temperature not lower than + 5 ° С. Dimensions of the device 750 × 500 × 125 mm.	From 6 thousand rubles.
	Used for pumping water from wells, wells, ponds and other containers. The piston and cylinder of the unit are made of high quality plastic. Piston ring and rubber valves. Other metal elements. This model is suitable for raising liquid from a depth of not more than 2 m. However, it is possible to operate even at a depth of 9 m if a check valve is installed on the pipe at the bottom of the suction line. This pump weighs 5.5 kg. Dimensions of the device 540 × 180 × 550 mm. Diameter of inlet and outlet connection пат.	In the region of 2500 thousand rubles.
	This piston hand pump is operated when raising water from a depth of not more than 9 m. The device case is made of stainless steel. Holder, black steel handle. Predominantly colored green. A check valve is installed on the suction side. In one cycle (down-up), pressing the lever produces up to 1 liter of water. The length of the lever allows the pump to be used by older women and those with little power. The dimensions of the pump are 1000 × 150 × 870 mm. The unit has a weight of 8 kg.	In the area of ​​6.5 thousand rubles.
	It is used to raise the liquid from wells and wells. The aquifer mirror is not more than 6 m. If you install a check valve on the suction line, you can raise the water from a depth of up to 9 m. The height of the unit with a raised stem 40 cm. With an intense pressure on the lever, you can lift 22 l / min. Dimensions of the device 390 × 240 × 200 mm. The total weight of the unit reaches 7 kg.	From 3 thousand rubles.
	Like its counterparts, used for pumping water from wells and wells. When using a check valve, water can be raised from a depth of up to 9 m. The body of the pump is made of cast iron. Feed is 28 l / min. The device parameters are 650 × 240 × 160 mm. The total weight of the hand pump is 15 kg.	From 4 thousand rubles and more.
	A pump is used to pump water without abrasive particles. The suction height is up to 9 meters, provided that a check valve is installed at the end of the suction pipe.	Depending on the model, from 3 to 30 thousand rubles.
	Piston hand pump is used for pumping fluid from wells, wells and reservoirs. Vertically able to lift water from a depth of 15 m under pressure up to 1.5 atm. At installation of the backpressure valve height of absorption is up to 9 meters. With the stem raised, the height is 64 cm. In the delivery set you will receive a semi-disassembled pump, a handle and a fitting for connecting a suction pipe with a diameter of 25 mm. Dimensions of the device 530 × 240 × 160 mm. Weight 16 kg. Feed 28 l / min.	6.5 thousand rubles and more.
	Operation is possible for both clean water from a well / well and polluted water. Diaphragm hand pump does not require pre-filling and is able to lift water from a depth of 6 meters. The body and the pipes are made of cast iron. Valves and oil-resistant rubber membrane. Dimensions of the device 250 × 250 × 650 mm. Installation weight 13.5 kg. Productivity is 50 l / min.	From 7 thousand rubles and above.
	With minimal physical effort, this pump can lift water from a depth of up to 9 m when using a check valve at the end of the suction pipe. The body is made of cast iron using artistic casting. The pump is fastened using a flange. The height with a raised stem is 62 cm. There are 2 types in this series of BSK for mounting on the wall and BSKG for mounting on the floor. In the first case, the BSK capacity is 28 l / min. Its dimensions are 600 × 240 × 160 mm with a mass of 15 kg. The only difference between its counterpart, is the performance, which is equal to 30 l / min. They have a slight difference in cost.	From 6.2 thousand rubles.
	Used to raise from a depth of not more than 16 meters. For a double stroke of the handle gives up to 1 liter of water. The sucker rod pump itself plunges to a depth of 16 meters and pushes the fluid out. Weight is 127 kg with dimensions - 17560 × 230 × 1430 mm.	27.6 thousand rubles and more.

Here are a few common options offered by hand pumps, which fully satisfy the water needs at your cottage.

Production and arrangement of the Abyssinian well (well) for a manual pump

For a hand pump, the ideal solution would be to make an Abyssinian well or well. Typically, these wells reach depths of up to 9 meters. Based on these parameters, most of these devices were developed. At such a depth, a good aquifer is usually located, which makes it possible to provide a suburban area of ​​drinking water. Moreover, this it can be used for construction work.

If you watch a video about the production of the Abyssinian well, you will immediately notice that it is realistic to make it yourself, however, there is a possibility that you will not cope with the task. And the reason for this is not the fact that you are a bad master, you may simply not be able to find water or other problems arise. You can verify this by viewing the video, where all the rules of work are observed, but the house craftsmen failed.

Video: production of an Abyssinian well using the driving method - bad experience

As you can see from the video, all the subtleties of the work were observed, but as a result, the pipe could not be driven, it broke off. Although it is allowed the fact that there simply was not enough experience in the implementation of these works. Moreover, part of the pipe remained in the soil. Given this, it is worthwhile to think carefully and weigh the pros and cons.

An important condition for the manufacture of the Abyssinian well is the composition of the soil. It should be predominantly sandy or consist of a mixture of rubble and sand. If you have a rocky soil, then you will not be able to break through deep into yourself, unless you make a drilling rig yourself. However, not everyone can do it. Therefore, in most cases, wizards are called to help. If the ground is predominantly sandy, then the work on the production and arrangement of the Abyssinian well can be done personally. Therefore, later we will tell you about the driving technology, because the drilling rig is mainly used by specialists. On this topic you can watch the prepared videos.

Video: what is the Abyssinian well and how to do it

Benefits of the Abyssinian well

To begin with, let us present a real picture of what advantages such a well has in comparison with analogues:

Geological research

First of all, it is necessary to study the geology of your area. If your neighbors live next to you, then you can ask them about the condition of the soil and how deep the water lies. Problems will not arise if the aquifer lies at a depth of not more than 9 meters. If the depth is greater, then using a hand pump is problematic.

Mostly aquifer consists of medium-grained sand or sand with fine gravel. It is through such a ground that the water will flow well. Now it is important to determine which method is best to drill piling or drilling.

What method of drilling is better: drilling or driving

If you decide to make a well yourself, then here is a suitable option - driving. For this purpose, the "drive woman" is used. However, there is always the chance to pass by the aquifer. And if at the depth there is a stone, then the whole structure can be damaged.

If the drilling method is chosen, then it is better to contact the specialists. In this case, you have a great chance to get an Abyssinian well with water. You can watch videos where this method is demonstrated.

Video: well drilling technology

We also suggest that you familiarize yourself with the production technology of the well by the driving method. Due to this, you can compare all the labor costs.

Video: well drilling production

What is needed for the manufacture of the Abyssinian well

First of all, you should prepare all the necessary material and equipment. The main equipment is presented in the table:

Making a filter for water purification

For the manufacture will require a pipe length of 110 cm and a diameter of 1 inch. At one end of the pipe can be soldered or welded needle. Alternatively, you can cut the pipe and flatten the end. In the pipe it is necessary to make holes of Ø13 mm with a step of 50 cm in a checkerboard pattern.

Next, a metal filter mesh is applied and tightened with clamps every 10 cm. To do this, you can use stainless or galvanized wire Ø3 mm.

Finally, the wire is fixed with a screw into the tube. This you can see in the picture below:

That's how you can make a homemade filter. Of course, if you have the time and materials for this.

Video: how to make a filter for a well

Abyssinian well technology

Now consider the sequence of production of the Abyssinian well independently. All work consists of several successive stages:

1. First you need to find a place to drill.
2. After this, it is necessary to dig a pit with the size of 1 × 1 m and a depth of 1 m. Although this is not necessary. But if you plan to use the well in the winter period of time, then it is better to make such a pit in which you can make the insulation of the pipe and the pump.
3. After you should start driving the main pipe. To begin with, a garden auger twirls into the ground in such a way as to remove the ground from the well. After that, a driven metal pin is used, which is inserted inside the pipe. This technique is relatively time consuming. You can use the "sliding grandmother." It can be seen in the diagram below. The tip is strongly hammered into the ground and gradually deepens in the middle of the pipe.
4. When the first pipe has completely entered the soil, the next pipe is wound onto it and the work process continues. To make the highway easier to pass into the ground, water can be poured into the pipe, which will soften the soil.
5. If water begins to flow, the line should be thoroughly flushed under pressure. This will break the clogged filter.
6. To check the performance of the finished Abyssinian well, install a hand pump. Here it is important to pump the water until it becomes transparent.

This is the technology of the Abyssinian well, followed by the installation of a hand pump.

This construction consists of the following elements:

1. Block.
2. Drifthead
3. The surrogate that holds the pipeline.
4. Pipeline.
5. Filter.
6. Needle.

Video: installing a hand pump

So, we have reviewed with you the features and varieties of hand pumps, possible options for ready-made pumps for the dacha well, studied the features of manufacturing the Abyssinian well. If you have personal experience in conducting such work, be sure to leave comments at the end of this article.

Video: making an Abyssinian well with a hand pump