Which roof to choose for a wooden house - types and features
In Russia, the construction of residential wooden buildings is based on many years of experience and ancient traditions. This reliable material was chosen by our ancestors by chance. Wood is still valued for its low weight, ease of processing, low thermal conductivity and a healthy, healing microclimate that is formed in the walls of a wooden house. Many people who rebuild lumber and log suburban, cottage and even urban houses, are wondering what kind of roofing is better for structures made of this material. In this article we will talk about the most successful roof structures and roofing materials suitable for wooden construction.
Roof types
Roofing is an integral part of the construction of a wooden house, the quality of which determines the service life of the building, the safety of the people living in it, and the temperature conditions in the cold and warm season. The roof is considered one of the most difficult for the construction site, as it consists of many elements and the structure resembles a layer cake. For a wooden house is characterized by two types of roofing:
- Cold Cold roofing is called if its structure does not include thermal insulation material. This design has traditionally been Russian terema. The attic of the cold roof was not used all the time, so it was not the slopes that were insulated, but the flooring was covered with the help of a filling insulating material, most often sawdust.
- Warm Warm is called the roof erected over residential attic or simply heated premises. In this case, the composition of the roofing pie necessarily include insulation and vapor barrier. Building a warm roof is more expensive, but it helps to significantly increase the area of the house through the use of under-roof space.
Important! Modern wooden houses can be built with a cold and warm roof, depending on the project and the needs of the developer. Experienced craftsmen believe that for structures with an unheated second floor or used seasonally, it is better to choose a lighter and more inexpensive cold roof, which forms a natural air cushion that protects from overheating and overcooling.
Varieties of forms
The shape of the roof of a wooden house can be varied. The choice of the type and number of roof slopes depends on the structure, climatic factors, the nature of the use of the roofing space and the taste preferences of the developer. The most suitable forms for the roofing of wooden houses are:
- Dvukhskatnaya. The triangular duo-pitch roof is a classic, win-win option for a log house, which refers to the ancient Russian architectural tradition. In addition, the roof truss system, consisting of only 2 slopes, has a simpler assembly structure.
- Dvukhskatnaya broken. Gable roof with broken slopes is also called attic, as it is the optimal design for the organization of the attic. It differs from the traditional dual-slope in that its slopes in the upper part have a small slope, and they change it to much steeper from about the middle.
- Triathlon. The sloping roof, one of the slopes of which is replaced by a small hip is also a traditional element of the Russian architectural tradition. Its design is complicated by additional elements of the truss system, however, it looks quite impressive.
Note! When deciding which roof to choose for a wooden house, carefully consider the angle of inclination of the ramps. The choice of this indicator is based on the climatic conditions characteristic of the construction region. For areas with a large amount of precipitation in winter, designs with a slope of 40-45 degrees are suitable, from the slopes of which snow easily rolls. For windy terrain, flat roofs are better suited, the slope of which does not exceed 20-25 degrees.
Roofing material
The construction market offers a huge selection of roofing materials suitable for overlapping the roof of a wooden house. They are characterized by high weather resistance, durability, long service life and aesthetic appearance. Roofing wooden structures should not interfere with their “breathing”, creating a greenhouse effect, therefore, experienced craftsmen recommend choosing among the following coatings:
- Ceramic tile. The roofing of the individual clay shards - the traditional roofing, which is ideally combined with wooden walls. Characteristic features of the tiles - a lot of weight, complexity of installation and high price.
- Shingles. Этот материал визуально напоминает средиземноморскую черепицу, но изготавливается из стеклоткани, пропитанной модифицированным битуму, в виде плитки. Shingles обладает высокой устойчивостью к проникновению влаги, легко ремонтируется и служит достаточно долго.
- Metal tile. It is made of galvanized steel with polymer coating by cold pressing. In the process of making the coating give a wavy relief, reminiscent of classic tiles. The metal tile is appreciated for ease, low cost and simplicity of installation.
- Onduin. Кровельное покрытие из пропитанного битумом целлюлозного волокна называют ондулином. Он обладает очень легким весом, хорошо режется и без труда настилается на кровельный скат даже неопытным мастером.
- Galvanized steel. Galvanized steel folded roof has worked well, however, many are confused by its unpresentable appearance. It consists of roofing paintings, interconnected by a special method.
Consider that it is better to use light, durable and non-combustible materials that do not weigh down the structure of the house to overlap a wooden house. If you choose according to these criteria, then the leaders will be metal and seam roof of galvanized.
General recommendations
Building a roof for wooden houses is different from erecting roofs for structures made from other materials. An inexperienced master can make some mistakes that can lead to deformation or even collapse of the structure. To avoid problems in the operation of the house, you must consider the following factors:
- Time to shrink. Consider that timber and wooden houses, during the first time after construction, sit down, varying considerably in size. Therefore, the roof for them is erected only after a year field construction.
- Use of mobile fastenings. When the humidity changes, the wood changes in volumes, so they say about wooden houses that they breathe. In addition, they shrink even five years after construction. Therefore, when constructing a truss system, it is recommended to use movable and sliding fasteners.
- Fire hazard Wood belongs to highly flammable materials, therefore the elements of the rafter frame are recommended to be treated with fire-blocking substances. It is better if the roof covering for such houses is non-combustible, for example, metal tile.
Important! To insulate the roofs of wooden houses, they use only vapor-permeable eco-friendly materials, which create inside the “greenhouse effect”, which leads to dampening or rotting of the wood.
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