Warming the roof with his own hands - insulation,
According to the law of convection, which obey all gases, the heated air in a heated room rises. Therefore, the main heat loss in the house occurs through the roof. A sufficiently large area of the slope and high thermal conductivity of the roofing material lead to an increase in heating costs by 15-20%. To keep the heat inside the house, as well as to prevent the sun from heating the roof, we perform roof insulation. In this article we will tell how to choose the selection of insulation and thermal insulation of the slope with your own hands.
Roof types
To understand how to insulate the slope and to perform the calculation of the layer of insulating material, you need to determine what type the roof belongs to. However, in a cold, windy and rainy climate in Russia, it is almost impossible to make a warm home without roof insulation. The volume and cost of installation of thermal insulation depends on the thickness of the layer of thermal insulating material, which determines the calculation, as well as the nature of the use of roofing space. According to the method of insulation, there are 2 types of roofs:
- Cold roof. Cold is called the roof, under which is located unheated attic or attic. In the past, this type of roof construction was considered the most rational, since the air layer separating the attic floor from the inner surface of the roof serves as a kind of natural insulation. This air cushion prevented the heating of the slope from the inside, which kept the snow cap, but did not form frost. In houses with a cold roof, they do not insulate a ramp; insulating works are performed from the attic side, on the ceilings.
- Warm roofing. A warm roof is used if the attic of the house is heated. In this case, the roof is deprived of natural insulation, because of which the snow on the surface of the slope melts, forming frost, which, when slipping off, will scratch the roof covering. To prevent these negative phenomena, calculate the thickness of the material and mount it on the surface of the slope with their own hands. Since the area of the slope is larger than the area of overlap, the cost of works on warming the warm roof is more than cold.
Important! Thermal insulation of the roof is performed using polymer or mineral insulation. In order for the material not to lose its insulating qualities during operation, it must have a low hygroscopicity, low thermal conductivity, and well tolerate temperature extremes and frost.
Ways of warming
Heater for the roof can be mounted with your own hands on the slope in different ways, the efficiency of work depends on the installation technology. Thermal insulation is a complex process, which takes into account the climatic conditions of the region, roofing material, type of roof. In order not to make a mistake, which can lead to an increase in humidity and deterioration of the temperature regime of the room, a calculation taking into account all these factors is performed. Installation of insulation do their own hands between the rafters, rafters, as well as attic floor. There are 3 ways to perform insulation works:
- Between the rafters. This method of thermal insulation of the roof with his hands is to fix the insulating material to the rafters in the space between them. To do this, use materials in the form of rolls, mats or plates. The disadvantage of this technology lies in the fact that, unlike the method of laying along the rafters, the insulation for the roof is loosely attached to the frame elements. Because of this, “cold bridges” are formed, low temperature air flows penetrating inside the room. If the calculation determines that the thickness of the insulation should be greater than the width of the rafters, this method is impractical to use. The effectiveness of thermal insulation work performed on this technology depends on the correctness of the installation and the tightness of the insulation to the rafters.
- By rafters. The installation of thermal insulation along the rafters is performed in 2 cases: if the thickness of the insulation layer that the calculation determined is greater than the width of the rafter legs, or if the performance of the thermal insulation works occurs after the roofing. The efficiency of roof insulation from the inside along rafters is higher, since it does not form “cold bridges”. In order to isolate the ramp by this method with your own hands, you need to pin a crate of metal profile or wooden bars to the rafters, and then attach insulation to it. The rafters are mounted foam, extruded polystyrene foam, mineral wool, polyurethane foam.
- Warming floor attic. If the roof is of a cold type, then it is the overlap between the residential floor and the attic that is insulated, since the efficiency of such insulation works is much higher and the cost is less. For insulation of the attic floor, filling and tile insulation is used. The easiest way to install floor slabs is to fill the space between the genital lags with claydite or clay sawn mixture, the thickness of which is determined by the calculation.
Important! The cost of thermal insulation works depends on the area of the roof slopes, the price of insulation, as well as the thickness of the material, which helps to calculate the engineering calculation. The cheapest way is the insulation of the ceiling in the attic with filling insulators. However, maximum efficiency can be achieved with an integrated approach, using waterproofing and vapor barrier materials during installation.
Types of insulation
The effectiveness of thermal insulation works depends on the correct choice of material. The quality of insulation is determined by the following parameters: thermal conductivity per 1 m2 of area, density and weight of 1 m2 of material. It should have a high resistance to temperature, frost, low hygroscopicity and thermal conductivity. It is important to take into account the lifetime of the insulation, since dismantling and replacing the insulation material with your own hands without removing the roof covering is a costly and long process. Professional roofers to insulate the roof use:
- Mineral wool. For thermal insulation of the slope, you can use glass wool, stone wool or slag wool. The thermal resistance of these materials is 1.19 W / (m2 / K), the thermal conductivity coefficient is 0.042 W / mK. It comes in the form of rolls, mats or slabs of different thicknesses. Among the range of mineral wool, it is easy to choose the material of that thickness, which is determined by the calculation. This material is mounted along the rafters or between the rafters, as it is resilient and fits tightly to the frame elements. A mass of 1 m2 of mineral insulation weighs 15-38 kg.
- Polyfoam and extruded polystyrene foam. These insulants based on expanded polystyrene have a thermal resistance of 1.35 W / (m2 / K) - 6.35 W / (m2 / K). They have the form of plates of different thickness with standard sizes. Polyfoam and extruded polystyrene more convenient to mount on the rafters. Since it is a rigid material, gaps remain between it and the rafter legs during installation. The weight of 1 m2 of heat insulating materials based on polystyrene foam is only 9-15 kg, which allows for installation without reinforcement of the frame and batten.
- Polyurethane foam. Rigid polyurethane foam in the form of foam is used to isolate ramps. It is applied to the inner surface of the slope with a special installation, foaming the liquid mixture with air or carbon dioxide. Thermal resistance of this material is 1.85 W / (m2 / K) - 9.26 W / (m2 / K), thermal conductivity of 0.027 W / mK. Material weight - only 11-22 per 1 m2. The density of insulation for the roof based on polyurethane foam is in the range of 54-55 g / m3.
Professional roofers recommend using a respirator, goggles and gloves when working with thermal insulation materials. Since many insulants are dusting, releasing small particles that enter the respiratory tract of a person, causing harm to health.
Insulation tasks
Roof insulation is a technological procedure, without which it is impossible to operate a residential building in the Russian climate. Without carrying out heat insulation work through the roof surface, 20-30% of heat losses occur, which increase fuel consumption, as well as the cost of heating. Installation of insulation solves the following tasks:
- Optimizes the temperature inside the house. The insulation does not allow heated air to escape to the atmosphere, i.e. less wood, gas or electricity is required to maintain the optimum temperature.
- Protects the roof from overheating. In summer, the roofs of materials with high thermal conductivity are very hot, which is why it is impossible to be in the attic. Insulation of the slope slows down this process, protecting the roof from excessive heating by the sun.
- It prevents the formation of icicles, ice. Installation of insulation does not allow the bottom surface of the roof to heat up, thanks to which snow does not melt, frost does not form. The ice crust during thawing scratches the roofing material, accelerating the formation of corrosion.
- Reduces the noise level during rain, hail, wind. Insulation has a high noise-canceling ability, so it dampens the sounds of falling drops, hail and wind.
