The design and construction of the mansard roof - diagrams

When people start to build a house, they rarely think that the composition of the family may soon change. What to do if you need additional living space, and to expand the dwelling through extensions is impossible because of the small area of ​​the land plot? The construction of the mansard roof solves the problem of lack of space, it can be mounted on only a rebuilt house or to reconstruct an existing roof.

Mansard Roof Types

The group of roofs includes all types of roof, under the slopes of which you can equip a dwelling. According to the building standards, the attic is distinguished from the attic by a ceiling height suitable for human habitation and the presence of natural light. The following roof types are suitable for installing an attic:

1. Gable The classic roof of the house, consisting of two slopes. To efficiently use the attic area, the elements of the truss system are shifted closer to the walls. Because of the steepness of the slopes, the height of the sidewalls makes them unsuitable for life, but in that place it is convenient to have shelves and storage cabinets. The angle of inclination of the sloping planes of the roof of the house for the attic arrangement should be quite steep, this measure leads to an increase in the mass of the structure and higher construction costs.
2. Broken. This is a sloped roof, the slopes of which are formed by two planes with different angle of inclination. The upper, flat part of the roof allows you to increase the height of the ceilings to an acceptable level in a larger attic area. The lower slopes are steeper than the upper ones, therefore it is better to drain the liquid from the surface and do not trap snow masses. The device of a mansard roof of a broken type is more complicated and weighs more due to the massive truss system. This option is optimal for a small private house. The construction of a broken roof is a laborious process, requiring professional skills and experience.
3. Four-Pitch. The hip and half-hilted varieties of the four-slope roof are also suitable for arranging the attic room. Hip slopes, partially or completely replacing the two gables of the house, reduce the effectiveness of this option. And the complexity of installation and considerable weight of the structure entail financial costs for laying the deep foundation and elements of the wooden frame of the roof. Therefore, the placement of the attic under the arches chetyrehskatnoy roof resorts only reconstruct the old house.

Houses with a roof of any type can be equipped with an attic, but working with a tent, leaning and asymmetrical is more difficult and expensive, it is better to abandon these options in favor of more rational - gable or broken roofs.

Types of attic space

Heated attic space is a real alternative to the second residential floor of a wooden or brick house. The fact is that the increase in the number of floors of the building is associated with significant costs for the capital foundation and the construction of the stairs. Different attic configurations are used depending on the available area and the needs of the homeowner:

• Single level. Under the broken or straight slopes of a gable roof have only one dwelling. The construction of the attic of this type is not associated with an increase in the weight of the roof, so it is suitable for buildings under construction and reconstruction. To perform the calculation and build a drawing of a single-level attic can even master without experience. According to building standards, the height of the ceilings in a residential area should be 2.5 m or more.
• Single-level with remote console. A cantilever mansard roof device is placed under an asymmetric roof. To increase the area of ​​the dwelling, its part is carried out to the limits of the perimeter of the structure. The protruding part of the attic, based on the pillars, is adapted to a carport or garage. The roof of the house with consoles is asymmetrical, the main part of the house is covered by a dual-pitch roof, and the console is a single-pitch patch. The console view of the attic is erected to install vertical windows for natural lighting. However, to create a project and drawings of such complexity can be done by professional architects, and the complex scheme of the roof system is not suitable for self-installation.
• Two-level. If the height of the roof exceeds 5 m, then in the attic room you can equip two rooms located on different levels and connected by a staircase. This type of attic does not build on existing homes. Two-level premises are planned at the design stage, taken into account when creating foundation drawings. The mutual arrangement of the truss system is specially developed for the complex, asymmetric geometry of the roof slopes. The second level of the attic is based on the columns, so the reliability of the construction directly depends on the accuracy of the calculations and the professionalism of the architect.

Designers can create real masterpieces from console and two-level attic rooms, taking advantage of panoramic lighting, equip a greenhouse, a nursery or a bedroom filled with fresh air and light, however, a simple one-level design is more suitable for self-assembly.

The advantages of the attic

Homeowners try to use every opportunity to rationalize costs in construction, so do not miss the opportunity to use the space under the roof of the house. This option to increase the usable area of ​​the house has the following advantages:

1. The minimum price of 1 square. m of living space. Due to the fact that the attic equipment is not connected with the increase in the cost of building the foundation, the cost of each meter in the house is cheaper than in the construction of two-story buildings.
2. Rationalization of heating costs. The air pocket between the floor and the attic ceiling does not allow the heat generated by the heaters to go out through the roof. The air does not transmit heat well, so it will be warmer in the first floor of the building, which leads to energy savings.
3. Finished appearance. Attic equipment makes the house look complete and harmonious, allows you to equip a balcony, carport or garage.
4. The speed of construction. During the construction of the attic in a residential building, well, be sure to stop operating the first floor. The speed of installation allows you to complete work on the equipment of the attic during the week.
5. Minimum costs. Experienced builders say that there is no cheaper way to get a few square meters.

To equip the attic room, the length of the end wall of the building must exceed 4.5 m, and the area of ​​the house is more than 7 square meters. m, the recommended proportion of height to area -?.

Natural lighting attic

The presence of natural lighting is a prerequisite that must be met so that the attic is considered residential according to building codes. There are two ways to organize it.

• Installation of vertical windows. This is the easiest and most affordable way out. Vertical type windows are installed on the gables, so this method is not suitable for a hipped roof and a single-sided roof. The optimal layout of the windows - at a height of 1.2 m from the floor, it allows you to maximize the use of natural light during the daytime.
• Installation of panoramic windows. Panoramic windows also belong to the vertical type, they are distinguished by a large area of ​​translucent construction. Their montage is used to open an overview of the picturesque surroundings. Since the panoramic window replaces a large part of the gable, its frame must be specially reinforced to support the weight of the roof. The cost of panoramic windows of panoramic windows at times exceeds the price of ordinary vertical.
• Installation of roof windows. Dormer windows do not mount gables, but directly into the roof slopes. Because of their location, they are exposed to the same load as the roof surface. Skylights equip shockproof, sealed glass with dirt repelling dust and a reinforced frame. Thanks to these characteristics, they withstand a huge mass of snow, do not leak in the rain, do not break from hail and branches. They produce roof windows with a different opening mechanism - hinged, swivel, combined, there are even models that transform into a small balcony.

When choosing windows for an attic, keep in mind that it must be in harmony with the roofing material, the total area of ​​the windows cannot exceed one third of the surface of the slopes, and the size of the translucent structure directly depends on the angle of inclination.

Ventilation equipment

If you are going to insulate and heat the attic, it must be equipped with a forced ventilation system. The cold roofing space is ventilated on its own with the help of dormer windows. In a high-quality insulated attic, natural air circulation is hampered, which makes it stuffy, damp and uncomfortable. To avoid such problems, installation is necessary:

1. Ridge aerator. This device is installed along the ridge connection. Through its hole system, the heated air comes out. The design of the ridge aerator does not allow insects and moisture to penetrate under the roof.
2. Point aerators. Point aerators are installed on flat, lean-to, and hipped roofs that do not have a ridge connection. With their help, the roofing cake "breathes", gives moisture to the atmosphere, does not suffer from condensate, which reduces the effectiveness of the insulation. The layout of the point aerators - 1 piece per 20 square meters. m
3. Eaves products Through these elements, located under the overhang of the roof, fresh air is drawn.

A working forced ventilation system causes air to circulate by convection - the properties of warm air rise to the top, freeing up space for cool air to be picked up from the street. This will increase the life of the truss system, roofing material, protect against mold and dampness, and also create a pleasant microclimate in the attic.

There are ready-made drawings of mansard roofs of a standard size available for installation by hand, if you are an inexperienced builder, then the safest thing will be to stop on such options.

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