Stairway to the attic
The arrangement of the living room under the roof of the house was a practical solution that increases the usable area. To climb into the room, you must install a reliable ladder. Manufacturers offer a large selection of prefabricated structures, but their purchase is not always justified due to the high cost and inappropriate sizes. The do-it-yourself staircase made to the attic is a reasonable solution, its dimensions are individual and correspond to the size of the room. By installing the structure yourself, you can be confident in its strength and safety.
Material selection
- Wooden stairs - a popular option for installation in a private house. Environmentally friendly, easy to handle and beautiful material is used to create various models of the structure: on kosoura, straight one-shot or folding. Wood of 1-2 grades is used, without knots and defects. Among the conifers popular larch, pine, cedar. Strong and sturdy ladders are made of oak and ash.
- Metal stairs are designed for long-term and safe use, they are durable, not afraid of moisture, do not burn. This material can be used for construction placed outside the building. Metal elements are becoming a stylish addition to the interior.
- Concrete stairs are durable, but they are heavy and installed in spacious stone buildings.
- Combined metal and glass designs look easy and impressive, they are quite strong and durable, but they are more expensive than other models.
Designs: what to choose
Классическая маршевая лестница с одним или двумя пролетами обеспечивает удобный подъем в мансарду. Конструкция с одним маршем устанавливается под наклоном в 30–45 градусов. Она подойдет для помещения с высотой потолка менее 2,5 м, иначе ступени будут слишком крутые. Dvuhmarchevaya модель устанавливается в углу комнаты, она требует меньше места, чем конструкция с одним пролетом. Поворот между маршами составляет 90 или 180 градусов, его выполняют в виде лестничной площадки. Design такие лестниц выполняется вместе с составлением общего плана дома.
The spiral staircase saves free space and has an original appearance. The structure consists of trough-shaped steps attached to the central support column. Climbing such a ladder is inconvenient and unsafe, therefore reliable rails are always installed.
Foldable лестница изготавливается из дерева или из металла, она устанавливается, если мансардным помещением редко пользуются. Такая модель не создает проблем со свободным местом, легко монтируется, не требует предварительной планировки. Конструкция состоит из нескольких секций, которые складываются и убираются в люк.
Stairs to the attic can be located not only inside the house, but also outside. A separate entrance to the premises makes it more private. The external staircase is chosen in the style close to the decoration of the facade of the building. If the structure is mounted from wood, then its service life is extended by applying an antiseptic and varnish.
Dimensions
For convenient and safe movement on the stairs, the recommended values of structural elements are derived:
- step height up to 20 cm;
- minimum span 80–90 cm;
- step width 30–40 cm;
- riser height 15–20 cm;
- staircase width from 80 to 100 cm;
- railings installed at a height of 90 cm;
- tilt angle ranges from 20 to 45 degrees;
- preferably an odd number of steps.
Design
A practical and affordable option for making your own hands is a single-mast wooden ladder on kosoura. The construction of the construction begins with the marking and cutting out the space under the hatch for the passage to the attic. The overlap is cut by a circular saw to the size of the flight of stairs. Aperture perform a rectangular shape. All details of the stairs, their size and location are marked on the drawing. The number of steps in the span is calculated; for this purpose, the distance from the beginning of the stairs to the attic floor is measured with twine. The height and depth of the steps, the size of the tread depend on the angle of inclination; the steeper the stairs, the smaller the width of the steps. If the structure has two spans, then they should be located at the same angle, and the landing should be installed before making the bridges.
Elements of the ladder
Kosour - side beam, which is a bearing support for the steps. For it, glued timber from coniferous wood is used, its thickness is 65 cm. The outer part of the kosour is milled and machined with a grinding machine. At the top of the board there is a spike of 50–100 mm in size, which will be required to secure the hatch. Under the spike kosoura in the overlap knocked out chisel groove.
The tread is the surface of the step that is attacked when walking. For it boards are used from 35 to 50 mm thick.
Note! The wider the span, the more reliable the step should be.
Podstedenok - a vertical plate between the steps, it is not always installed. The thickness of the element is 1-2 cm.
Installation steps
Kosour is applied to the wall at a selected angle and temporarily fixed. It marks the place of cuts to secure the steps. For marking, the height of the riser and the depth of the steps are taken. After marking, the board is removed and made cuts along the lines. For joining the kosour with the lower crossbeam, a gash of 5–5 cm is performed. The second kosour is performed similarly to the first. If the span width exceeds 120 cm, the installation of three kosur is required.
The first is installed wall kosour, its lower part rests on the bar, and the upper part is adjacent to the interfloor overlap. In this place, a groove for the spit of the kosura was prepared, the elements are connected using wood glue. The second beam is installed parallel to the first, the angle of inclination is strictly observed.
Note! For reliability, parts are fastened with metal plates. Mounting kosur should be rigid and exclude the possibility of a shift structure. Beam near the wall is fixed with screws.
Installation ступеней начинают снизу, для крепежа берутся саморезы, их утопленные головки закрываются деревянными заглушками. Второй вариант фиксации проступи – использование клея и шурупов. Для деревянных ступеней можно использовать крепежные нагели из того же материала. После первой ступени устанавливается подступенок. Все запланированные элементы крепятся последовательно друг за другом.
After installation of all steps, balusters are installed, to which the rails are attached. Racks are placed at each stage and are fixed with bolts. The height of the barrier should be 85–90 cm.
Note! All parts are thoroughly polished, their surface should be smooth, without rough edges.
The wooden parts of the structure are treated with antiseptic composition and fire retardant. Protective solutions can be applied after mounting the ladder or on separate elements before assembling them. The attractiveness of the design will add coating with a layer of varnish.
Stairs to the attic - an integral element of the house, its shape and size are selected individually. Observing the manufacturing techniques and having some carpentry skills, you can make a solid and attractive design yourself.
Video
Instructions for making a spiral staircase:
Scheme
A photo
