Shed roof - construction and drawings
Shed roofs are successfully used in the construction of household structures: garages, sheds, carports, terraces and gazebos. This is a practical and economical way to protect the building from precipitation, wind and cold. However, the device shed roof suitable for private homes.
With this construction solution, architects create bold design projects with several uneven slopes. A huge plus of single-slope roofs lies in its availability to the masses of homeowners due to the low cost of the materials used and ease of installation. This article will tell you about the design of a single-pitch roof system, how to calculate the slope of a ramp and build it with your own hands.
Shed roof
Most often, the term "single" means a roof that has one slope. The slope, the slope of which is set by a simple truss system, relies on the bearing walls of the building and internal partitions, if any. Soft roof tiles, ondulin, decking, metal tile or euro slate are used as roofing material. There are two types of shed roofs:
- Ventilated. The design of the ventilated roof is suitable for the equipment of open-air terraces and arbors, used in the summer period. The slope of the slope of such a roof varies within 3-6 degrees. Ventilated type single-sided roofing does not imply warming, and sometimes gable trim.
- Unventilated. The slope of a roof with a single slope of a non-ventilated type is 2-25 degrees, depending on the type of roofing material used. This option is used to overlap the premises operated all-season, residential buildings, heated garages. Unventilated roof carefully insulated, sealed to reduce heat loss.
The peculiarity of the shed roof types is that one flat slope does not provide an independent descent of snow masses in winter, especially if roofing material with a rough structure was used in construction. Therefore, it is possible that in particularly snowy winters a homeowner will have to take up a shovel.
Strengths of shed roof
Increasingly, designers and developers are abandoning complex projects in favor of buildings with a lean-to roof. This is easily explained by its advantages:
- Low cost. Due to the economy of building materials, the device of a single-sided roof is 2-2.5 times cheaper than a dual-slope of this size.
- Простота. Construction truss system крыш с одним скатов достаточно проста для самостоятельного монтажа. Даже при условии малого опыта в строительстве начинающий умелец в одиночку справится с работой, имея чертеж и необходимый инструмент.
- High resistance to gusty wind. A single-pitch roof is the safest option if the construction site is in an area with a constant wind rose, the main thing is to correctly determine the windward side and orient the ramp along it.
- Reduced heating costs. Since the distance between the slope and the ceiling in the single-sided roof is less than that of other types, the heated rooms do not cool down, which means that the heat loss from the house becomes smaller.
- Project availability. Even if you are not able to do the drawing yourself, there are a huge number of ready-made, calculated projects with detailed trussing systems and nodes on the Internet and in the construction literature.
- Ease of maintenance. The design of the shed roof allows at any time to assess the condition of the roof system, replace damaged parts, strengthen the roofing material independently, without involving hired roofers whose services are expensive.
Types of truss system
The system of roof truss elements is a frame that bears on itself and distributes the weight of the roof along the perimeter of the load-bearing walls, giving stability to the structure. Depending on the locations of the supports, there are two types of rafters:
- Outrageous This method of organizing the truss system involves the use of internal partitions in order to get additional support. On the supporting wall, located in the middle of the room, install racks that support the truss legs in the middle. If you use two bearing internal partitions, you can thus block buildings with a width of up to 16 m.
- Hanging. This is a more complex truss system that relies only on external walls, so more auxiliary elements are needed to stabilize it. The greatest width of the building, which can be equipped with hanging rafters, is 7.5 m, and this will require a rather complicated structure of two struts, headstock and puff. To correctly calculate the hanging truss system requires deep knowledge and experience.
The basis for the construction of a truss system of a hanging or nacelle type is a detailed drawing reflecting the exact dimensions and mutual arrangement of the elements and the method of fastening the main assemblies.
The composition of the truss system
The single-pitch roofing scheme for structures with a width of up to 4.5 meters of the naval type includes a limited number of elements. The basis for the truss system is a mauerlat, made of durable timber 150x150 mm. It is fixed on the upper trim of the building along the walls, on which the slopes are mounted. To form the slope of the roof, walls erect different heights. Also, the roof requires rafter legs, made from planks of 50x150 mm. From the wallpaper of the ends of the board, gussets are performed for fastening the rafters to the mauerlat. Feet mounted on a power beam, inserting it into the gash, fixing with metal corners.
To evenly distribute the weight of the roofing material on all truss legs, installation of the batten is required. For soft types of roofing that are not capable of keeping their own shape, they use a continuous type of sheathing made of moisture resistant plywood sheets. If profiled sheeting or tiles are used, it is enough to nail down slats 25x50 mm across rafters with a pitch of 20-13 cm. The complicated roof system of a shed roof includes tightening, struts, stand and headstock. All elements are made of wood of the first grade, dried to the optimum humidity of 15-18%, sanded and treated with deep penetration antiseptic impregnation.
It is important to observe the balance between the complexity of the truss system and the cross section of its elements - by complicating the design, you increase its weight. The recommended size of the rafters is calculated on the basis of temporary and permanent loads acting on the roof or determined according to tables of finished values, taking into account the length and pitch between the legs, the type of wood.
Calculation of the slope of the slope
The sloping roof is good because if you correctly orient it along the wind rose and choose the optimum slope, it will withstand a strong squally wind that would destroy the dual slope. To select the slope of the slopes, you need to consider 2 parameters:
- Used roofing material. If you have chosen the material for the roof before the design, then the main criterion in choosing the slope will be the manufacturer's recommendations for its installation. Metal tile installed on the slopes at an angle of 30 degrees, slate - 20-30 degrees, corrugated - from 8 degrees, roll roofs - from 5 degrees.
- Climatic conditions. If construction takes place in a region with a lot of precipitation, then it is better to lay a slope of 20-25 degrees, through which water flows by gravity, and snow masses slide off. For windy areas, on the contrary, flat slopes with a steepness of 3-10 degrees with low windage are better suited.
- Please note that an increase in the roof slope increases the cost of construction due to the more complex truss system and the consumption of roofing materials. Knowing the size of the box at home and determining the angle of the slopes, you need to make a schematic drawing, which is easy to determine the roof area, the length of the rafters and the difference between the height of the walls using geometric formulas.
Building an erection roof is a great option if you want to quickly and inexpensively block outbuildings or attach a carport to a house. In addition, it is an excellent reason to hone building skills, without risking to spoil the roof due to poor quality work.