Rafter gable roof system

When building any building or structure, the roof is the final element. This overlap, not only transmits external loads to the walls of the building, but also distributes them to the walls and internal supports of the house equally. In most regions, the usual gable roof has become widespread. Consider her device.

What is a gable roof?

This is the most popular type of roof in the construction of residential buildings. It allows you to create a fairly spacious attic, which does not need additional insulation. Moreover, the design of the gable roof is quite simple. Its installation does not require large financial investments.

The gable roof consists of two rectangular planes, which at the top are connected to each other, and at the bottom - with the walls of the house. The end of such a building is usually constructed from the same materials as the walls of the building. Here you can make the entrance to the attic. However, it can also be of mansard type.

Today it is very fashionable to build another room in the attic. Insulated from the inside truss system gable roof allows you to create a real living room.

The angle of the gable roof should contribute to the independent descent of rainwater and melted snow.

The design of the gable roof

Gable designs are most popular in one-story buildings.

The design of the gable roof includes:

• rafters;
• crate;
• inclined planes;
• arbitrator;
• horizontal ribs;
• the horse;
• endovy;
• overhangs.

Tilt angle

One of the most important components of a reliable roof is the angle of inclination or, in other words, the angle of the slope. Its value is directly dependent on the climate of each specific area, the properties of roofing materials and the architectural design of the building.

The greater the angle of the roof slope, the less snow is collected on it, and the more wind pressure it needs to withstand. Therefore, in areas where there is a large amount of precipitation, the roof is always built at a large angle so that large masses of snow that could collapse the building do not accumulate on it.

1. The rate at which snow descends from the roof also depends on the roofing material.
2. The quality of the roofing also depends on its weight. Therefore, this must be taken into account when creating a safety margin for roof systems.

Note! In areas where strong winds often blow, roofs are gently sloping to reduce wind pressure. However, at a gable roof the angle of inclination cannot be less than 5 degrees, regardless of the climatic region.

The cost of construction depends on the slope and its correct choice. After all, in order to cover the roof with a steep slope, you need a greater amount of roofing material and labor effort of workers.

Device truss structure

The design of the truss gable roof system is determined by the shape of the roof, the number of internal columns, the length of the section between the columns and other factors.

Rafter legs are the leading part of the truss structure. They are laid along the slope of the roof and serve as a support for the batten.

Rafters in such buildings are of two types:

• Hanging - which are based on the walls of the house only ends, without the participation of intermediate columns;
• suspended ones - which rest on the walls of the house and the ends and the middle part.

In the construction of houses with light walls for the installation of the roof used hanging rafters. Their main advantage is that they can overlap the long section. This element of the truss system works in compression and bending.

Due to its technical properties, the rafters load only two extreme support columns - the walls of the building. The powerful tearing effect is directed to the rafters. In order to alleviate this effect and prevent the divergence of rafter legs, inhaling is applied: wooden or metal. They are fixed at the base of the rafters. The beam with struts is strengthened parallel to the tightening, if the section length is more than 8 meters. In the case when the span is less than 8 meters, a bolt is inserted between the top of the rafters and the tightening.

A higher setting of fastening fastener guarantees a strong and long-lasting joining with the rafters, and no matter what quality they are, what they are made of. The purpose of all this is to prevent the rafter sprawling and reducing the deflection. This technology constantly finds its application in roof systems of mansard roofs.

If the buildings have column intermediate columns or a middle load-bearing wall, an inclined truss type can be used here. They can be used if the span size is not more than 6.5-7 meters.

Note! The installation of another additional column will make it possible to bring the overlap width to 11.5-12 meters, and the two columns - to 15-15.5 meters.

The type of foundations of the rafters for the roof depends on the building materials used in the construction of the house and its frame.

Note! Roofing system with the use of wall rafters for the roof, ceteris paribus, easier and easier to mount, compared with the same systems. In addition, the use of this type of rafters saves lumber and, consequently, the customer’s material resources.

When using hanging and wall rafters at the same time over several sections when building one roof, it is possible to alternate them in various ways.

Before installing the truss system, it is absolutely necessary to make all measurements, calculate the number of farms and determine the most successful options for their joining with other elements of the roof. This is the most time consuming and the main part of the whole process of building a gable roof. The reliability and viability of the entire building element under construction depends on the accuracy and thoroughness of the calculation. Therefore, this part of the work should certainly be entrusted to professionals.

Features mounting mowerlat

Mauerlat is a part of the roof construction, a timber with a cross section of not less than 10x10 cm, and usually 15x15 cm. It is the support of the rafters. Its main purpose is a uniform redistribution of the loads that the roof of the structure creates. In addition, it performs the function of a kind of foundation.

Mauerlat is installed in the entire length of the building, enclosed under the rafter foot. He is going on the top wall trim. Mauerlat can be fixed along the axis or closer to the edge of the wall, but not less than 5 centimeters from the outer edge. It depends on the technical properties of the wall.

In the production of mauerlatov, as a rule, wood is used. However, when installing a metal roofing base, you can use a variety of metal profile plates.

In order to avoid deformation from the wind, the power beam should be attached to the wall as tightly as possible, because the roof is almost a huge sail.

Mauerlat is laid on top of roofing material or any other waterproofing material, not less than 40 centimeters from the upper edge of the attic floor. Runs are based on racks, which are cut into the legs, at a distance of 3-5 meters. The angle between the truss foot and strut should approach the straight line. With a large length of truss legs, installation of additional support struts, which are based on sunbeds, is envisaged.

In general, a power plate is a whole system of interconnected parts that are attached to rafters. Thus, along the perimeter of the roof, a rather strong pitched base is formed.

When narrow trusses are used, the construction of the truss gable roof system risks sagging. To prevent this, a special reinforcement grid is applied, which is mounted from braces, strut and bolt. For the production of such a lattice, boards of 25x150 millimeters in size or wooden plates of logs with a diameter of not less than 130 millimeters are used.

The roof truss system is the carrier base of the pitched roof, consisting of truss legs, sloping struts and vertical pillars. Thanks to the fasteners (racks, bolts, struts, struts, etc.), the rafters are combined into a truss system. Rafters can be made from various materials: metal, reinforced concrete, wood, or be mixed in composition.

For the most common roof construction, the possible size of timber for rafters ranges from 40x150 mm to 100x250 mm. These parameters depend on the length between the installed rafters, the length of the rafter legs and necessarily on the expected size of snow precipitation and wind loads for this region.

The basis of the roof truss system are truss legs or just trusses, or trusses. They are laid at an angle that is equal to the slope of the roof, and the lower ends are attached with metal brackets or slats to the power plate.

The final part of the assembly of the roof truss system is the joining of all its elements with the help of fasteners. For this purpose, metal corners or staples are most often used, but recently bolted fastening has also been increasingly used.

Types of gable roofs

The most practical is a gable roof with slopes of 35-40 degrees.

In this position, the load is equally divided, however, the attic space is not suitable for equipping the room. It can be used as auxiliary. Such a flaw can straighten a broken gable roof, consisting of 2 elements - the bottom with a sharp slope, and the top with a gentle. This is a mansard building. This roof can withstand a significant wind load and snow comes off it well. The rafter system for the "house in the village" makes it possible to equip the attic floor into another living room.

Careful and accurate measurements are the basis for building a gable roof. And during assembly, it is necessary to respect absolute accuracy and accuracy. That is why the construction of a gable roof should be transferred to highly qualified specialists who have all the necessary knowledge of theory and practical application. Summarizing all the above, we can say the following: a gable roof has a number of undoubted advantages. These include the simplicity of technical design, low probability of leakage, high strength and wear resistance, ease of repair in case of malfunctions, the possibility of arranging a full-fledged living room in the attic space, excellent savings, since its construction requires a relatively small amount of building materials.

Video

Video Tutorial on the construction of a gable truss system:

A photo