Modern roofing materials to cover flat roofs - photo and
For residents of Russia, flat roofing is associated primarily with industrial, administrative buildings and commercial buildings, because the traditional architectural forms of our country are associated with dual-slope and tri-rolling structures. Adherence to triangular roofs due to the harsh climate with high rainfall in winter and summer. Primitive flat roofs, available in the arsenal of builders, could not cope with the amount of incoming fluid, leading to leaks. In this article we will look at modern tech and durable materials used for flat roofs.
Device
Creating a flat roof resembles the manufacture of multi-layer cake, in which the roofing materials are superimposed on each other to provide the best waterproofing. This type of coating may include 3-9 layers, laid in a certain sequence. However, the cost of arranging this type of overlap is 3-4 times cheaper than the construction of cattle counterparts due to savings on sawn timber used to create the truss frame. The structure of flat roofs consists of the following structure:
- The basis processed by a special primer. Concrete slabs or wooden flooring are used as the base for flat roofing. They are pre-cleaned of dirt and debris, leveled, all cracks are filled on the surface. Then, a primer is applied, which makes the structure of the material smoother and improves adsorption.
- Screed. A layer of concrete screed is poured onto the previously prepared base of the flat roof in order to complete the leveling. Razulonkoy called the process of creating a slope to ensure the transfer of rainwater and melt water to drain funnels.
- Heat insulation coating. To prevent heat loss, insulation plates are laid on the concrete screed. Glass wool, basalt fiber or extruded polystyrene foam is commonly used. Some technologies allow to do razuklonku, using filling insulating materials, including expanded clay.
- Screed. After thermal insulation of flat roofs, another layer of the screed follows, which protects the insulation from mechanical damage, deformation and wetting.
- Waterproofing. After the second layer of the screed, a waterproofing coating is laid, to create which modern roofing materials are used, laid in several layers. Flat soft roofing is made of bitumen, polymeric and bitumen-polymeric coatings, mounted by fusing or casting.
Note! Flat roof saves money spent on building a house, and also provides the ability to use additional space. The operated overlapping can be equipped as a summer cafe, a greenhouse, a swimming pool, a lawn or even vegetables can be grown. In addition, the projects of “smart houses”, which independently provide themselves with electricity through solar panels installed on flat roofs, are gaining popularity.
Mounting methods
The device of a flat roof, which uses technological materials is highly dependent on weather conditions, humidity and condition of the base. Projects of private houses with this type of flooring are becoming more popular, so manufacturers are striving to introduce new types of coatings that require less effort, time and skills to be installed. Now in the construction market there are roofing materials suitable for roofs of any type, of various sizes. The most common coatings are:
- Fused. This class includes bituminous, polymeric and bitumen-polymeric roofing materials, for installation of which the bottom layer is heated with a gas burner. Under the influence of high temperature of 180-200 degrees, it becomes viscous and sticky, due to which it is glued to the base of the roof. The disadvantage of this method of laying is that it is not suitable for laying coatings on a combustible base. In addition, the gas burner requires careful handling, a certain dexterity.
- Self-adhesive. In the production process, self-adhesive materials are applied with an adhesive layer protected by a special film. To install such a coating, simply remove the protective film, firmly press it against the prepared base. Self-adhesive materials are suitable for roofs of small size, as well as the elimination of leaks and cracks, as they are more expensive than the built-up ones. The advantage of this method of laying is that it does not require gas equipment.
- Bulk. Bulk materials for flat roofs solve the main problem of built-up, self-adhesive coatings - poorly insulated seams between the strips and the resulting leaks. "Liquid rubber" or "liquid roofing material" - a coating based on synthetic rubbers, elastomers, used for waterproofing the roof. They are applied to the substrate with a wide brush or roller. The advantage of this method of creating flat roofs is that the coating does not need to be pre-heated.
Important! The efficiency and service life of a flat roof depends on compliance with the technology of laying roofing material and proper preparation of the foundation. In many cases, the deposited materials can be mounted directly on the old roof covering without dismantling it, which greatly simplifies the workflow.
Bituminous materials
The bituminous roll materials used to cover flat roofs include roofing felt, roofing felt and glassine. They are produced by impregnation of roofing paper with bitumen mastic, which is the product of processing of the oil industry. These are materials of the previous generation, possessing a short lifespan, low strength and poor resistance to low temperatures. From above and below they sprinkle fine-grained, pulverized, coarse-grained or scaly dressing to protect against mechanical damage and adhesion of layers inside the roll. For the construction of roofs, bitumen materials of the following types are used:
- Lining. Bitumen lining materials are used to create the inner layers of the roofing cake and waterproof the foundations. They are made on the basis of cardboard with a density of up to 370 g / sq. m. Lining products are cheaper, however, has less strength and durability. The service life of this type of coating is only 2-3 years.
- Roofing. Roofing materials based on bitumen are used to create the top layer of flat roofs, as they are more dense, durable and resistant to mechanical damage. For the production of such products used cardboard with a density of 350 g / sq. m and coarse stone dressing. The service life of roofing types of materials based on bitumen is 5 years.
Note! To create a high-quality and durable coating for flat roofs, 3-7 layers of roofing material or roofing layers are laid: 2-3 lining and 1-4 roofing layers. Lay the material in a run so that the joints of different layers are located in different places, not falling on each other.
Polymer materials
Manufacturers have developed a new generation of built-up materials for soft roofs, taking into account the shortcomings of earlier analogues. They solved the problems of low resistance to temperature extremes, short term use of coatings, and unsatisfactory strength. The result of research and application of the latest developments was the production of materials from synthetic rubbers and polymer resins. They differ from bitumen based roofing coatings:
- More perfect operational qualities. They are elastic, resistant to moisture, UV rays and mechanical damage.
- Long service life. Unlike bitumen counterparts, polymer roof coatings last up to 50 years without losing performance.
- Base material. Polymer coatings are made on the basis of fiberglass or polyester, and not roofing paperboard, which increases the elasticity, resistance to mechanical damage, as well as the bending of products.
- A light weight. Mass 1 square. m of polymer coating is 1.3 kg, which allows manufacturers to produce products with an extensive range of sizes of coils, the width of which ranges from 0.9-9 m.
Note! For installation of polymeric materials do not need to melt the bottom layer using a gas burner. Laying is done with hot air or adhesive tapes. The soft surface, heated by a building dryer, is firmly glued to the prepared base.