Hip roof yourself

The imagination of roofers knows no bounds, and the variety of roof forms of various buildings never ceases to impress. There are many different types of roofs, hip is still considered the most reliable - a kind of truss chetyrehskatnoy. This type is more complicated than the dual-slope, since the four corners are much more difficult to coordinate with each other. To implement the hip roof, you will have to be patient and follow our recommendations. The main thing in this work is accurate marking and correct calculation.

Types of pitched structures

We will understand the existing forms of roofing, their device and the most common varieties. It is very important to have a clear idea of ​​all the details of the upcoming roof guidance.

Classic

The quadrangular roof, on the sides - trapezium, from the ends - triangles. Side triangular slopes - hips, hence the name of the considered type of roof. The main advantage is functionality, high reliability, attractive and original appearance. There are also disadvantages - high cost, constructive and technological complexity (relative).

Half-hardened

The main difference from the classic - a truncated form of the hip. This coating geometry is characterized by high performance and an interesting appearance. One of the most expensive, technologically and structurally complex types of roofing.

Shawwa

A very popular type of hip roof for square buildings. The main difference is that all four slopes are triangular and converge at one point. Instead of a horizontal ridge beam, the structure is crowned by a ridge knot, located at the top of the pyramid, formed by ramps. Also used for structures having the shape of equilateral polygons.

Polyline

The most attractive type of this type of roof. The characteristic difference is that all parts have different sizes and shapes. The disadvantages are the same as that of the half-hardened - very complex design and manufacturing technology, and, even against other expensive ones, the high cost of implementation.

We now turn to the technological and measurement and design subtleties of manufacturing a classic hip roof. Having understood the basic principles of design methods and methods of marking, you can easily calculate any element of such roofing structures.

Measure and markup "bottom"

Following the described method of roofing, all measurements should be carried out along the lower edge of the rafter. This little trick will help you get the job done faster. When marking up the lower edge, it is necessary to measure exactly to the mark from which the cut begins. This approach will reduce the number of stages of work and reduce the likelihood of gross errors.

Выполнить расчеты нетрудно, если предположить, что само rafter (как гипотенуза) и его проекции на горизонтальную и вертикальную плоскости, образуют прямоугольный треугольник (см. рис.), в котором:

• laying down - this b, B.1, b2, horizontal projection (horizontal leg, the projection of the hypotenuse on the horizontal plane);
• rise- this a, vertical projection (vertical leg, height of the ridge, projection of the hypotenuse on the vertical plane);
• rafter (angular, central butt, central side) is c, c1, c2, S3hypotenuse.

Calculations of all sizes can be done using the Pythagorean theorem.

Description of construction

1. Intermediate rafters have a less gentle slope, in contrast to the angular (diagonal).
2. Short (hip) rafters are joined to the corner, not the ridge bar.
3. Rafters and ridge beams are made of lumber of the same section.
4. Three intermediate rafters (c1, c2, S3, see fig.) are supported and joined at the ends of the ridge beam and are called central (side and end).

Measuring rod

Study the design of the future of the roof, paying attention to the interconnection of structural elements. The next step is to make a measuring rod. To do this, you can use a strip of plywood 5 cm wide. A meter prepared in this way is superimposed on the top wall trim to mark out the projections of the central side and end rafters, overhangs, wall thickness, etc.

Note! The intersection of the projections (top view) of the central rafters (3 pieces, c1, c2, S3, see Fig.) with the transverse and longitudinal segments of the perimeter of the roof form projection squares at the corners of the building. In turn, the construction of the corner rafters divide these squares diagonally. There should be equilateral triangles.

Coefficient table

Another important helper for the construction of a hip roof will be the table of ratios between laying the rafter and its length, for different slopes of the slope. The length is calculated by multiplying the value of the horizontal leg by one of the coefficients (middle or right column). The table can be printed and carried in your pocket, because you will often have to look at it.

A situation may arise when the values ​​for the roof frame currently being erected are not in the table. Then you can use to calculate the Pythagorean theorem.

Note! You can make calculations in several ways. But in all cases, the length of the rafter is calculated along the length of the horizontal leg.

Необходимо измерить laying down стропила с помощью мерной рейки. Затем выбрать по таблице коэффициент (вторая или третья колонки), соответствующий уклону ската (первая колонка), и перемножить его на измеренную величину:

1. If the ratio of the slope of the slope is not integer value, then you should use the Pythagorean theorem. The value of the horizontal leg, measured with a measuring rod, is multiplied by the slope of the roof slope in the form of a fraction. The result is the length of the climb (vertical leg). By the Pythagorean theorem, the length of the rafter is determined as follows: a²+b²=c² where

• and - rise;
• b - foundation;
• c - length.

Using a three-dimensional image when performing markup is less informative and explicit than a two-dimensional one. Using the two-dimensional drawing, you can see that it is the inception of the angular rafter that is the hypotenuse of an isosceles triangle (as projected on a plane, a top view).

Угловое rafter имеет более пологий уклон по сравнению с промежуточным, а также более длинную проекцию и подрез для опорной части. Длина углового стропила рассчитывается произведением его проекции на коэффициент или при помощи теоремы Пифагора:

1. We determine the position on the top trim. We measure the distance to the nearest central intermediate rafter. We carry out the calculation of the foundation by the Pythagorean theorem.
2. Calculate the length of the corner rafters by the product of laying by a coefficient.
3. Calculate the overhang of an angular rafter. We solve a triangle in which the horizontal projections of the rafters overhang (angular and intermediate) represent the hypotenuse and the leg. We calculate the size of the overhang of the corner rafter on the table.

Угловое rafter и его разметка на верхней обвязке

1. We make the marking of short rafters and determine its inception.
2. We calculate the length of the short rafter by the product of its foundation and the coefficient for the intermediate rafter. The overhangs of the intermediate rafters and the rafters overhang are similarly trimmed.

Assembly work

1. It is more practical to use a measuring rod instead of a roulette.
2. Top trim. Mark up the centerline and measure half the thickness of the ridge beam. Mark the placement line from the first number of intermediate central rafters.
3. We combine one of the ends of the measuring rod and the placement line of the intermediate central kerf. At the other end of the rail line is transferred to the inner contour of the side wall. The overhang of the roof and the line of the outer contour of the wall are also transferred to the measuring rail.
4. The measuring rod is transferred to the side wall to determine the placement of the second of the number of intermediate central rafters. Also, the laying of the rafter from the inner corner of the upper trim is transferred to the measuring rod.
5. It is necessary to repeat these actions in the other corners in order to find the ends of the ridge beam and central intermediate rafters.

Based on this material, the construction of the hip roof will turn from a complex process into an easy one. There will be savings that would have been spent on the work of the roofing master. For a more detailed study of the installation of the roof, you can view the video on the Internet. Also great helpers can be photos.

A photo