Flat roof device - technology installation and design

Minimizing costs and increasing the speed of work execution have long become topical trends in the construction industry. The frantic pace of life and production processes forces developers to choose those designs that allow you to submit a project as quickly as possible, cheaper. Therefore, for high-rise residential buildings of typical buildings, industrial facilities, office buildings, it is increasingly often chosen to have a flat roof on the basis of rolled waterproofing materials.

The flat roof, which replaced the intricate designs of two-slope, three-slope and hip roofs, is completely utilitarian. Her roofing pie protects the building from moisture penetration and maintains an optimal temperature inside.

Technology The use of modern roofing roll materials and installation methods ensure the highest level of waterproofing and thermal insulation. In what conditions and for which the construction of a flat roof is appropriate, we will tell in this article.

Performance Features and Benefits

The name “flat” has a figurative meaning, because even though such a flat roofing pie has no slopes, there is a small bias in it. After all, completely flat, even structures will not allow the thawed waters and rain to drain into the allotted places.

Without at least a small slope of 2-3 degrees, excessive moisture accumulates on the roof, forms puddles, provokes the appearance of leaks. Unlike other varieties, the technology of mounting a flat roof of rolled materials has the following advantages:

• Efficiency. Comparing the construction costs of even the simplest dual-pitched and flat construction, it is obvious that pitched options lose in the matter of saving material resources. At this cost, you can save up to half of the money invested in the estimates for the construction of the roof through the use of inexpensive roll materials.
• Speed ​​and ease of installation. Due to the absence of the need for a truss system, the work on the flooring of a flat roof is done very quickly, in spite of their considerable area requiring overlap. In addition, installation workers may not be highly qualified.
• High degree of protection against wind and precipitation. This item is especially important for the construction of high-rise buildings. Imagine a skyscraper with a double-sided roof, a picture that has appeared in imagination will surely cause laughter. But, without taking into account the appearance of such a roof, its installation is impossible due to insecurity. The higher the overlapped structures, the stronger the wind load on it, the flatter their roof should be.
• Rational use of space. The flat layered cake of the operated kryship allows to compensate all that area which the building occupied. Since it can be equipped with parking, swimming pool, recreation area, cafe, even a garden or install solar panels. While in megacities there is not enough living space, every square meter of available space should be used as efficiently as possible.

Device

Due to the construction in the form of layers of rolled materials, the device of a flat roof is called a roofing cake. This cake consists of layers of three types:

1. Reason. Depending on the method of using the roof, either concrete slabs or sheets of profiled metal play this role. The main purpose of this layer is to stiffen the structure. As one of the features of a flat roof, the fact that it can be used not only for the temporary stay of people, but even for car parking or the arrangement of the pool.
2. Tension-breakage. Its task is to set the slope of the roof surface so that melt and rain water canalize it into the drain funnels. To do this, use a concrete mix or cement-sand mortar. In the roofs under construction, it is advised to lay down a gradient of 2-3 degrees, in restored or repaired ones - 1 degree.
3. Waterproofing. The layer that prevents the penetration of moisture into the roofing pie flat roof. For its production using bituminous, polymeric and bitumen-polymer roll materials.

Important! The nature of the use makes adjustments to the structure of the roofing pie; special layers are added, but the base, the folding layer and the roll-on waterproofing materials are present in the device of a flat roof of any type.

Species by nature of use

The design of a flat roof, depending on how it will be used, is significantly different. The following types are distinguished:

1. Not exploited. This option does not imply a permanent use of the roof. This does not mean that it can not be climbed - they move along it to carry out routine repairs, to clean storm water, but at the same time observe precautionary measures. Since the base of the roof, made of profiled metal, can withstand a lot of weight and is deformed. This design is cheaper, lighter than the exploited, it is used in private construction, to overlap buildings of small area.
2. Operated by. Operated by крыша такого типа позволяет не только постоянно подниматься, но и разместить там многофункциональные сооружения. На ней может быть оборудована зеленая зона с газоном и небольшими грядками, зона отдыха, терраса, кафе, даже бассейн или парковка. Однако запланировать их размещении на крыше нужно на этапе проектирования. Ведь устройство плоской кровли, которая будет эксплуатироваться, подразумевает наличие надежного основание, в роли которого чаще всего выступают бетонные плиты, пустотельные или сплошные. Их разделяют на обычные, инверсионные, вентилируемые, зеленые, о их особенностях мы расскажем дальше.

Simple exploitable roof

If the project of the building provides for the installation of an operated flat roof, a drawing is drawn up reflecting the sequence of layers of the cake. Usually they are placed in the following order:

1. Reinforced concrete base;
2. Concrete underlayment;
3. Waterproofing film or membrane in the form of a roll material;
4. Metal drainage grate;
5. Термоизоляционный материал;
6. Sand-cement mortar;
7. Terrace coating.

Extruded polystyrene foam or mineral wool in the form of solid slabs is used as thermal insulation. Most often cover the exploited flat roof paving slabs intended for tracks and parking lots.

The main disadvantage of this method of arrangement is that the insulation is located quite close to the surface, which can deform, sag, get wet, which is why it loses more than 50% of its peat-insulating properties.

Inversion operated roof

Before the invention of membrane elastic materials, the builders of the simple operated roof noted a significant drawback - the rapid deterioration of the waterproofing layer, which was made of rolled bitumen derivatives based on cardboard.

Since it was located in the upper part of the cake, its condition deteriorates rapidly due to the effect of temperature drops, UV rays, and mechanical damage. The way out of this situation was the invention of an inverted flat roof, the layout of the layers of which is different.

It looks like someone turned the roofing pie upside down. Waterproofing of coiled materials, bitumen or bitumen-polymer material is placed on concrete slabs.

This is followed by a layer of moisture resistant insulation, ideal extruded polystyrene, covered with geotextile. The top layer required for protection is made by pouring gravel. Such technology and placement of roll materials has three advantages:

• The waterproofing layer of the roof, securely covered in the thickness of the roofing pie, lasts longer, since it is not exposed to external influences.
• On a heater located in the upper part of the roof condensate does not form, it does not get wet, retains high insulating qualities of 20-25 years.
• Close to the surface of the plates of thermally insulating layer, makes it easy to replace and repair the roof.

Green roof

This type of exploited roof turns the top of the building into a blooming oasis, with lawns, flower beds or small beds with kitchen greens and vegetables. In the conditions of high gas pollution of cities, green roofing is not only an ornament, but a means of their recovery and relaxation.

The peculiarity of this type of roof is that on top of the insulation, a layer of geotextile is laid to hold the soil layer and the ground itself, which is subsequently sown with grassy grass mixture. It is important to choose high-quality, reliable waterproofing and moisture resistant insulation, for example, expanded polystyrene.

Ventilated roof

The invention of the ventilated roof solves the problem of moisture accumulation in the thickness of the roofing pie. It penetrates there in various ways: it settles in the form of condensate on the insulation, accumulates in the concrete screed, remains in the layers of the old roof. Breathable roof gives the excess water output - aerators installed at the rate of 1 piece per 50 square meters. m

Advantages of ventilated roofs:

1. For installation does not require removal of the previous roofing.
2. Aerators guarantee effective evaporation of moisture, and a new layer of a single-layer screed effectively canalizes it through the drainage system.
3. The method, the application of which is possible both in the repair and during the initial installation of the roof

Flat roofs of different types offer many opportunities for the implementation of bold design projects. This is the future of housing, modern technology of careful use of free space, because the arrangement on the roofs of greenhouses, gardens, placement of solar panels will make the life of urban residents more convenient and comfortable.

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