Duplex broken roof do it yourself - device and installation
Every reasonable homeowner wants to equip their own comfortable, comfortable home, but at the same time to rationally dispose of the family budget. To do this, you must carefully consider the choice of each building solution, assessing the effectiveness, comparing with alternatives. Increasingly, during the construction of economy-class houses, developers use a sloping sloping roof, which serves as an excellent weather protection, perfectly copes with the increased load when snow falls, and allows for the construction of a spacious attic room suitable for living.
Design advantages
Double slope broken roof в отличии от традиционной треугольной своей формой напоминает не треугольник, а пятиугольник. Пятиугольную форму имеет фигура, образованная скатами кровли и карнизом. ломаной такую конструкцию принято называть из-за того, что линия скатов не прямая, а с изгибом, образующим ребро. Условно в строении можно выделить две части: первая, верхняя с более пологими скатами, составляющими 20-300, имеющая форму треугольника, а вторая — нижняя, напоминающая трапецию, боковины которой располагаются под углом 50-600. Таким образом, ломаная конструкция позволяет снегу свободно соскальзывать, не дает проникать дождевой воде внутрь чердачного помещения.
Most often the double-sloping broken roof is used if there is a need to use the attic as living space. After all, the geometry of the slopes allows you to efficiently dispose of the available area, equip yourself with a high horizontal ceiling, a ventilated attic, side compartments for seasonal storage of things.
Опытные строители не упускают возможность монтажа мансардных окон прямо в скатах крыши. Ведь если грамотно рассчитать расположение, broken mansard roof будет естественно освещена в течении всего светового дня, а это значительно сократит расходы на электроэнергию. Кроме того, ломаная крыша отлично смотрится с просторным балконом, что немаловажно для домов с маленькой площадью.
Stages of construction
Drawing up the project, the necessary calculations
Since the gable broken roof is considered to be quite complicated, engineering calculations are used for construction, which can be made by hand or with the help of a special computer program. The calculation includes the determination of the following parameters:
- Constant load It is determined by summing up the mass of all the materials that make up the roofing cake, the truss system, the attic floor. Simply put, this is the weight of the structure.
- Temporary load This figure varies depending on the area in which the construction will be conducted. It depends on the thickness of the falling snow cover, takes into account wind loads.
- Total load Calculated by adding the values of permanent and temporary load. Drawings reflecting all types of loads acting on the roof are built.
Construction truss system
The rafter system of a broken roof is rather complicated at first sight. It seems that the assembly can only be done by a professional brigade, however, this task can be handled by three people with basic basic woodworking skills. The undoubted advantage is that it does not require any sophisticated equipment or special tools. The system of rafters for arranging a pentagonal mansard roof is of a combined type, it combines some of the elements from the bottom and some from the hanging one. The broken roof, or rather its truss system, consists of:
- Upper rafters nashlonnogo type. They are made of smooth, durable boards, at a small angle converging to form a ridge. The ridge is not used, as these rafters are based on the rack. Experiencing the load on the deflection, on the bursting.
- Crossbars. Puffs connecting the upper rafters below the legs. They are also made of boards 50-100 mm thick, they are also used as a frame for the attic ceiling. The main task is to extinguish the spreading load from the rafters.
- Grandmother. Suspension of timber, connecting the roof ridge with the bolt, preventing the bolt from sagging, if it has a sufficiently large length.
- Racks. Vertical supports, on which the upper rafters hang. They are made of square or rectangular beams. Also, the drains form a frame, having lined which the attic walls receive.
- Lower hanging rafters. Made on a pattern of 50x150 mm or 100x150 mm planks, they abut the top with a bolt, and the bottom - against the mauerlat. Experiencing a load only on the deflection, which is minimized by braces. Fasten as a ram, not tough.
- The struts. Corner supports that reduce the deflection of hanging trusses. One side they rest against the rack, the other into the rafters.
- Mauerlat Thick, durable timber, serving as the basis for the roof, preventing the tilting of its slopes by the wind. Suspended rafters are supported in it. Mauerlat is fastened along two opposite load-bearing walls, on studs with a concrete bundle. It also evenly distributes the weight of the roof to the surface of the partition.
- Floor beams. Horizontal beams on which the racks are supported, as well as on which the attic floor is being installed.
In spite of the seeming complexity, such a truss system is rather easy to assemble with your own hands, as farms are assembled on the ground, ready-made structures that only need to be fixed rise to the top.
Used materials, necessary tools
All the materials that you may need in the construction of a broken roof do-it-yourself enough for the price. However, they require a relatively large number, so this roof is considered to be more expensive than, for example, a simple double-slope. It requires:
- Solid timber for the manufacture of racks, floor beams, drawbars, beams, mauerlat. The cross-section of the timber is determined by calculating the load, most often lumber 100x100 mm or 150x150 mm.
- Cutting board 50x150 mm or 100x150 mm for rafters, struts. You can only use first-class material, smooth, without knots, chips.
- Unedged board for crates.
- Material for trim gables. This may be lining, blockhouse or siding.
- Insulation for thermal insulation of gables. Most often for this use mineral wool on the basis of basalt 150 mm thick.
- Steam insulation film, waterproofing membrane needed to form a roofing pie.
- Roofing material, in which you can use metal roofing, ondulin, shinglas, slate.
- Fasteners.
Although it is believed that a special tool for installing such a roof is not needed, all is well if you have a high-quality woodworking screw, grinder, drill. They will make the workflow faster, easier. And owners of electric planers can save with it: buy unsharp sawn timber, process them on their own. Since the roof is mostly made of wood, and it is exposed to moisture, it is obligatory to treat all its parts with an antiseptic composition.
Warming and lighting
Since it is assumed the use of attic space as a residential, broken roof must be insulated. It is necessary to insulate not only gables, but also directly slopes. Thermal insulation of skates provide a double service for you: not only will it prevent the heat from going out during the cold season, but it will also prevent you from overheating from the roof in the roast. Gables are most often insulated with mineral wool outside or inside the room, while for skates, the most common foam is usually used. Qualitatively performed insulation will save the owners a lot of money that they would spend on heating.
The room in which there is no natural lighting should not be used for living. Therefore, it is necessary to provide for the installation of windows, which can be located either on the gable wall, or on the ramp.
If the choice fell on dormer windows, then they should be special, made according to their installation location: their frame should be reinforced, additional waterproofing, special opening mechanism, a film protecting from dirt and dust should be provided. The area of windows can occupy up to 1/8 of the total area of the roof. Their cost is quite high, so if the possibility of such significant investments is not, it is better to stop on the equipment of the usual large size on both gables with their own hands.
Duplex sloping roof when using high-quality building materials, with the observance of mounting technology, will serve you for several decades, therefore you will not have to regret about this investment!