Diy mansard roof do-it-yourself - device and drawings

If you want to maximize the useful area of ​​the house, without spending fabulous means, you should definitely consider projects with an attic. The experience of developers suggests that this is the best way to plan an economy class housing, because one square meter of living space there is several times cheaper than in two-story buildings. There is a misconception that the attic is suitable only for seasonal use in the warm season.

However, it is erroneous, as a well-insulated broken mansard roof retains heat warmly in winter, its temperature is no less comfortable than in heated rooms on the first floor. Even without additional thermal insulation, the attic is a kind of “air cushion” that maintains the optimum temperature inside the house.

The broken roof attic is considered a technically complex construction, advising to entrust its construction to a professional brigade. Nevertheless, a person familiar with roofing using the example of a traditional double-slope roof is quite capable of mastering its construction with his own hands, with the help of two utility workers, assistants. The main thing is to understand that this is a process that requires a serious approach, which is reckless to begin without preliminary calculations.

Design advantages

Of course, the attic can be equipped even with their own hands by building an ordinary triangular roof. But because of the steepness of the slopes, in order for the ceiling to learn, the height of such a roof must be very large. It is uneconomical and also inexpedient, because the roof with a variable angle of slopes allows you to more effectively manage the available space. A flatter upper part makes ceilings higher. According to building codes, if the distance from the floor to the ridge joint is less than 2.5-2.7 meters, the room is not considered residential, it cannot be called an attic, it’s rather just an attic. The design of a broken roof has the following advantages:

• Ability to equip higher ceilings.
• High level of protection from precipitation, wind.
• Easy descent of snow from the slopes.
• Helps to preserve heat.
• Rational use of under-roof space.

Stages of construction

Project creation

Making a draft broken roof for the construction of the building with your own hands, it is better to make drawings with different projections, which will comprehensively show the location of its elements. Based on the length and width of the house, you need to determine the size of the attic room, as well as the roof. First of all, the slope geometry is built:

• An important task is to calculate the height of the ridge joint, since the height of future ceilings depends on it. Keep in mind that from the ridge to the ceiling should be about 1.5 m.
• The next step is to determine the height of the ceiling. For comfortable use it is better to lay it at the level of 2-2.2 meters.
• The definition of the slope of the upper part of the slope. The drawing is a line of the ceiling, from the ridge connection in both directions are held straight to the intersection with this line. With the help of a protractor, their angle is determined, its value is better to fix immediately in the figure. Usually this parameter is in the range of 20-30 degrees.
• The definition of the slope of the lower part of the slope. From the lower eaves of the roof in the drawing recede distance equal to the length of the overhang (40-50 cm). From the end of the upper slope to this point is a straight line. The angle is also measured by a protractor, it usually has a value of 50-60 degrees.
• The walls of the attic are outlined, its linear dimensions and total area are determined.

To ensure that the project’s calculations are correct, it is important to accurately measure the primary measurements, as well as to respect the scale. Computer programs can simplify the design, in which it is enough to enter the size of the building and the desired type of roof, they perform the rest of the work automatically. If there is no access to such software, it is better to use ready-made projects.

Calculation of truss system

Rafters - the main supporting elements of a broken roof attic, sort of her backbone. They are subjected to enormous loads, so special requirements are imposed on them. The choice of cross-section of the rafter legs does not occur randomly, but in accordance with the installation step, the distance between the supports, the wind and snow load values. If the first three indicators can be easily identified by drawing up, the last two need special clarification.

• The territory of Russia is divided into 8 zones with different snow loads. For each particular roof, this value is adjusted by the angle of its slopes. Since the slope of the slopes is different, two indicators are calculated, respectively, the upper and lower rafters can have a different section.
• There is also wind zoning, which also includes 8 zones. With the help of the coefficient taking into account the height of the building, the table value of this indicator is amended.
• The values ​​of these two indicators are summarized to determine the total load. Round numbers should be in a big way to provide a small margin of safety. Based on them, the required section of the boards is determined by reference tables.

Mount Maurlat

The beginning of work on the equipment of a broken mansard roof is the installation of a mauerlat, a durable beam with a size of 100x100 mm or 150x150 mm. It is fixed on the end of the outer side walls. Its main task is to distribute the weight of the roof structure, transfer it to the foundation, as well as protect the protection of ramps from overturning. Mauerlat is laid on the upper part of the wall according to the pre-laid waterproofing, which uses folded ruberoid twice or several layers of a special film.

Fastening is carried out using metal studs, they must be placed in a concrete screed. If it comes to the reconstruction of the roof with his own hands, it is mounted with anchor bolts to the wall to a depth of 15-17 cm. For wooden and log houses, wooden pins are used. Please note that installation is performed flush.

Build a truss system

Build a truss system ломаной мансардной крыши происходит в следующей очередности:

1. Flooring floor beams on top of the mauerlat. In some cases, the removal of beams outside the building is practiced. This measure makes it possible to expand the area of ​​the attic, to form good overhangs. In this case, the beams are attached to the mauerlat from above. When laying without removal, they are placed on the waterproof walls, fixing with the help of the corners on the inner edge of the mauerlat.
2. Precisely in the middle of the ceiling beam, mark the point above which the ridge joint will be located. Departing from it an equal distance in this and that direction, racks are exposed. They need to be placed vertically, so they are temporarily supported by struts.
3. Racks are connected by puffs. These are direct strong bars which fasten on reliable metal corners. As a result of these actions should be obtained in the form of the letter "p".
4. Suspended rafters are installed, their upper part connected to the rack, at the bottom with a power plate or floor beam. A groove is cut out in the rafter leg, it is placed on the junction, and then it is tightened with a metal brace.
5. Hanging rafters strengthened with struts. These are angular subrafter legs that prevent the rafters from bending, transferring part of the load to the rack.
6. In the middle of the puff, the installation point of the headstock, the vertical suspension on the ridge connection, bearing its weight is noted.
7. Slide rafters are installed. They are connected by a metal plate or bolts with washers.
8. The grandmother fastens on the ridge, it is tensioned so that the weight of the puff carries the ridge of the broken roof.

Performing the above items forms one truss farm. The rest are set in the same way with a step of 60-120 cm.

Waterproofing and roofing work

When the self-installation of the truss system of a broken attic roof is completed, it is necessary to organize its waterproofing. This requires a waterproofing film or membrane, which is usually made in the form of a roll.

• The first strip of film is placed on the lower part of the rafters and secured with a counter-crate. The overlap between the stripes must be at least 10-15 cm.
• Then the lathing of the unedged board is adjusted directly with a pitch calculated according to the width of the roofing material. If a roof is laid, for example, ondulin or shinglas, it is necessary to create a continuous sheathing of moisture resistant plywood sheets.
• If the crate is ready, you can proceed to the laying of roofing material. Begin to mount it, starting from the eaves, up to the ridge floor, asking overlap 10-15 cm.
• From above, the junction of roofing sheets is closed with a ridge board.

Fasteners are selected depending on the type of material. For tiles, galvanized self-tapping screws with rubber heads are used, which in the twisting process are deformed in such a way that they waterproof the hole.

In order to speed up the process, you can use a screwdriver. Shinglas or ondulin fix nails 100 mm long. After completion of the roofing work, gables and overhangs of the mansard broken roof are drawn up.

Summing up, we can say that a broken attic roof will help to expand the area of ​​the house with your own hands. You can build it with your own hands, however, it will require special skills and costs that will no doubt pay for themselves.

Video instruction