Device of a bituminous roof

Any civil or industrial building ends with a roof, which is covered with roofing material. The purpose of the latter is to protect the space under the roof and the building itself from climatic influences: precipitation, differences in outside temperature values, exposure to wind, solar radiation and other factors. There are many types of protective coatings - one of them is a roof of shingles. In this article we will consider the device of a bitumen roof and technology of its installation.

What is shingles?

Shingles is a soft piece product, made on the basis of fiberglass, polymer-bitumen layers, decorative exterior finish. It is used to cover pitched (sloped) roofs of low-rise buildings.

Properties of bitumen roofing

Bitumen roofing has become widespread among owners of private houses and low-rise industrial and public buildings due to its exceptional consumer properties:

1. High weather resistance:

• the working temperature range is from -60 ° to + 50 ° C, thanks to which the roofing material can be used in all climatic zones of the country;
• absolute moisture resistance, does not decay - for decades tile can withstand natural precipitation;
• soft roof refers to soundproofing materials. The design is capable of absorbing sounds from falling hail or raindrops.

At the same time, there are a number of negative points:

• restriction on the angle of inclination of the roof. At values ​​less than 12 °, it is not recommended to lay soft tile because it is impossible to ensure the tightness of the joints between individual products; in the range of 12–18 °, the roof slope must be covered with a continuous lining carpet in order to ensure the waterproofing properties of the coating;
• a flexible, sufficiently rigid base is required for flexible flooring, for example, moisture-resistant plywood or OSB-3 (oriented chipboard);
• the work is carried out in a dry and warm season at a temperature not lower than -5? C (from spring to autumn);
• the inability to produce local repair work - requires partial disassembly of the roof cover.

Technology укладки

Consider the stages of installation of a bitumen roof:

• design and settlement;
• preparatory;
• installation of shingles.

Design and design stage. To determine the required amount of roofing material you need to know:

• total roof area to be covered;
• overlap configuration - tile consumption on a round tower will be greater than in a rectangular area.

Note! As a rule, soft roofing is sold in packages. On average, the area of ​​the material there is 3m ?, weight about 24 kg.

The coefficient “for trimming” does not exceed 5% and is assumed to be 1.05. Then the amount of material is determined by the formula:

K (black) = 1.05? (Sc / 3), where

• K (black) - the number of packages with tiles;
• 1,05 - coefficient for trimming;
• Scr - roof area in m ?;
• 3 - material area in one package (in m?).

A more accurate calculation can be performed by the specialists of the enterprise, where the soft roof will be ordered. You can use the “on-line calculator”, which can be found on the site of the manufacturer of shingles.

Preparatory work. The preliminary work includes:

• preparing the roof for roofing - the power rafter system must be installed, a layer of plywood or OSB-3 is laid;
• all required material must be delivered to the place of work;
• selected the necessary tool;
• scaffolding mounted, ladders or ladders prepared.

Installation. Bitumen-polymer tile on a pitched roof is laid by mechanical fastening galvanized studs with a wide hat, having a colloquial name - "roofing" nails. In cross-section, the finished roof is a multi-layer construction, which is called “roofing pie”.

Roofing pie (top-down) looks like:

1. Soft tile.
2. The lining carpet, is carried out along the edges of the roof and in the places of junction, chimneys, pipes from the ventilation system, and rods from antennas coming out. In the case of the slope of the roof slope in the range of 12 ° –18 °, this layer is covered with a continuous coating to increase the reliability of the waterproofing properties of the roofing.
3. Plywood or OSB-3.
4. Crate with counter lattice. The latter is necessary to create a ventilation duct.
5. Waterproofing layer or diffusion membrane.
6. Insulation - most often stone wool based on basalt fiber is used.
7. Foil vapor barrier.
8. Internal crate.
9. Finishing coating.

The averaged view of the “roofing pie” is given. It can be simpler, - with an unheated attic room, and more difficult, for example, in a residential attic.

Technology укладки. Laying a flexible roof is carried out in two ways:

• fusing of rolled material on the base;
• mechanical fastening.

Technology наплавления применяется для покрытия жестких горизонтальных поверхностей. Распространена в гражданском и промышленном строительстве для защиты плоских крыш.

Note! Mechanical fastening tiles used on pitched roofs with a certain slope. Widespread in low-rise construction.

Technology, The order of installation of a bitumen roof of soft tile is given in the accompanying documentation for the product and consist of several steps:

• the device of the basis, - plywood flooring or OSB;
• laying the lining of the carpet - depending on the inclination of the roof, surfaces adjacent to the edge of the roof are subject to closure, or lining is performed completely;
• installation of bitumen-polymer coating;
• arrangement of eaves, shingles, additional elements;
• the formation of connections to the chimney, ventilation, etc., - places under the tiles in these places are covered with roofing mastic;
• fixing the drainage system.

Despite the seeming simplicity of laying roofing, errors can lead to serious consequences - the ingress of moisture, cold and damp air into the space under the roof. This will cause mold, mildew, wooden structures will start to rot and the roof may simply collapse. If such problems arise, it is necessary immediately, under favorable climatic conditions, to repair the roof.

Repair of bitumen roofing

When overhauling the roofing changes completely. For local, limited to a small area, plots, it is advisable to apply the restoration of performance through the imposition of patches.

A section of the roll roof is cut from the damaged area. For shingles - stone-tiny coating is removed from the surface. The same material is prepared that is cut to the size of the bald patch. Gluing is carried out using a gas torch or bitumen mastic with an additional fastening nails. The protective film on the back of the cover must be removed before installation. From above, the seam is coated with the same mastic.

Properly installed flexible bitumen-polymer tile is a guarantee of reliable protection of the building from various climatic disasters and the creation of a healthy microclimate in the rooms.

Video

Watch the video installation guide for IKO shingles: