Types of light bulbs and types of caps

When buying a lamp it is important to know which type of lamp is suitable for it, because in most cases it is not included with the lighting fixture. Today in stores, lamps are presented in a large assortment. They differ in shape, size, power consumption and base. The base is a part of a light bulb that allows you to mount it in the lamp holder, and through which current flows.

The plinths are made of metal or ceramic. Inside they are filled with electrodes (part of the lamp), and outside there are contacts. For each lamp uses a specific cartridge in which the lamp is installed with a suitable base. Before buying a chandelier, it is important to know which type of cartridge is suitable for it, and accordingly, what kind of lamp.

In addition, the lamps have to be periodically changed because they are not durable. To make the right choice and not get confused in all the variety of light sources, it is important to know what types of light bulbs and types of socles exist. In addition to the base, when buying a lamp, it is important to take into account the maximum power of the lamp, voltage, dimensions and wiring diagram of the chandelier.

What are the socles

In connection with the variety of socles known today, a classification has been developed, according to which it is customary to divide all types of lamp caps into groups. Among them, the most common are two groups: threaded and pin.

Considered traditional is a screw base, or as it is also called - screw. It is denoted by the Latin letter E. The screw base is widely used for many types of lamps, including household ones. The letter is usually followed by a digit, it shows the diameter of the thread. The most common screw bases are designated as E14 and E27. For high-power lamps, there are also socles, for example, E40.

Slightly less popular is the pin base, it is denoted by the letter G, which shows the gap between the contacts in millimeters. The scope of the pin base is also wide - suitable for many lamps: halogen, fluorescent and ordinary incandescent lamps.

In addition to traditional, there are several types of caps, which are less common, but, nevertheless, used for different types of lamps.

• Sockets with recessed contact (R). They are used mainly for high intensity devices that operate on alternating current.
• Pin (B). Allow you to quickly replace the lamp in the cartridge due to the asymmetrical side contacts. They are an improved analogue of screw bases.
• With one pin (F). Such socles are of three subspecies: cylindrical, grooved and of special shape.
• Sofitnye (S). Most often, bulbs with this base are used in hotels and cars. Their distinctive feature is a bilateral arrangement of contacts.
• Fixing (P). A scope - special searchlights and lamps.
• Telephone (T). They are equipped with control panel lights, lights, warning lights in automation panels.

Often lamp marking consists of more than one letter. The second letter usually indicates a subspecies of the lighting device:

1. V - cap with a tapered end
2. U - energy saving
3. A - car.

In this video specialist will talk in detail about the different types of socles:

Types of light bulbs

We will talk about the most common lighting lamps, those that are commonly used in home and industrial premises. These include incandescent, halogen, energy-saving, fluorescent and LED.

Incandescent lamp

It is rightly considered the most widespread of all types of lamps and is certainly familiar to everyone. It gained popularity due to its low cost, simplicity of construction and familiarity. Used in the most simple models of lamps. However, despite being widely known, the incandescent lamp is inferior in technical characteristics to its "brothers". Its service life is approximately 1000 hours, but this is not the most serious drawback. The fact is that during operation, vapors form inside the lamp, which provoke bulb turbidity, so the brightness decreases with time. The color rendition index is approximately 90%. The predominant tones in the spectrum of the glow are yellow, so the light from an ordinary incandescent lamp resembles the sun. Most, if not all incandescent bulbs come with E14 and E27 caps.

There are incandescent reflector lamps. Their main and only difference from simple lamps is the silvered surface. This helps to direct the light to a specific point, so these lamps are used to create directional light. In stores you can find reflector lamps with the designation R50, R63 and R80, where the figure is the diameter of the lamp. As with simple incandescent bulbs, a reflex E14 or E27 base is provided for reflex lamps.

Halogen lamp

Able to last four times longer than incandescent lamp. Its lifespan is approximately 4000 hours. Color rendition index - 100%. The technological process of the production of halogen lamps involves the addition of a certain amount of iodine or bromine. This contributes to a better light output, which is 20-30 lumin / watt. Moreover, consistently high light output is maintained throughout the entire life cycle and does not decrease, as in a conventional incandescent lamp.

Being smaller in size than ordinary lamps, they are more diverse in shape, respectively, their scope of application is wider. They may have the following bases: G9, G4, R7S, GU10.

Energy-saving lamps

This term is commonly used when talking about a small fluorescent lamp. Such bulbs have gained extraordinary popularity due to the fact that they are able to reduce energy costs. They are sold everywhere, and to install them in place of the old incandescent lamp is not a problem, because it does not require any alterations.

Thanks to the latest production technologies, energy-saving lamps have a compact size, different power options, a variety of forms, but always a long service life and efficiency. However, it is important to remember that such lamps "do not like" frequent switching on and off. Argued that it shortens their lives.

Today, compact energy-saving lamps can be purchased with almost all types of caps: E14, E27, GU10, G9, GU5.3, G4, GU4.

Fluorescent lamps

They are sometimes called tubular or linear because of their characteristic shape. The letter T on the tube means the diameter, and the number after it - the diameter in inches (in the eighth parts). For example, T12 (12/8 inch diameter = 3.8 cm).

LED bulbs

The term “energy saving” is also applicable to them, but this is not their main advantage. The main thing - an incredibly long service life, which ranges from 25 000 to 100 000 hours. If you translate this number in years, you get 3-12 years of continuous work. Light output is almost one hundred percent.

In addition, the LEDs do not heat up to a great extent; therefore, such lamps should be used in rooms where temperature conditions are strictly observed. Standard sockets allow the use of LED lamps.

Video

This video shows different types of lamps: