How to make a ground in the house
To date, a whole range of special measures has been developed that ensure reliable protection of the user against electric shock in everyday life, which has made the process of operating electrical equipment safer.
The activities of this class should include the preparation of the ground, known to most owners of private housing under the name "ground loop", which usually consists of the following structural elements:
- grounding device (grounding);
- a set of grounding conductors;
- special ground bus.
In the article we will tell about how to properly mount the grounding in a private house with your own hands, we will show diagrams, photos and video instructions.
Selection and preparation of grounding
When organizing a grounding system in a country house, you can use one of the following metal structures of natural origin as a grounding conductor:
- any reinforced concrete piles buried in the ground;
- metal pipes or rails located on the surface of the earth;
- other metal elements of building structures buried in the ground.
In the event that nothing like this can be found in the vicinity of the house, you will have to prepare the grounding yourself.
To make this grounding element, you will need to prepare three steel electrodes with a length of 1.2 meters, which are then welded together in such a way that a triangle of the correct shape is obtained as a result of these operations.
(When selecting segments of steel pipe as electrodes, its diameter should be at least 30 millimeters).
In the case of using electrodes of a different profile, the cross-sectional area of the elements must be at least 150 mm.2and the length of the segments themselves - not less than 2 meters. Before placing such a structure into the ground, you should prepare a place for it in advance by digging three ditches half a meter deep (in the form of a triangle with sides approximately 1.2 meters long). Then, in the corners of the resulting figure with a small sledgehammer, you should hammer in three previously prepared and well-pointed on one side of the electrode. To connect the hammered electrodes to each other, steel strips with a cross section of at least 50 mm are used.2. All parts of the resulting structure at the joints are welded reliably (or articulated by means of bolted joints).
At the end of these procedures, you will need to forward the steel strip selected for the earthing section to the point of the intended grounding bus entry into the house (it is recommended to bring it closer to the switch cabinet and weld a small bolt at its end).
Next, using a copper wire section of 6mm2, passed through a hole in the wall and secured on this bolt, you need to connect the ejected bus with the main ground bus (GZSH) located on the switchboard. From here protective grounding can be diluted in all areas of the home (as part of the working electrical wiring).
Ground bus arrangement
In order to correctly resolve the issue of how to make the grounding correctly, you will have to perform the operation of the so-called “splitting” of the PEN-conductor, which is part of the cable from which your house is powered.
To obtain a separate ground bus, this wire must be divided into protective and working conductor (PE and N, respectively)
Such splitting can be organized using the main grounding bus already familiar to us.
In addition to the PEN conductor (winding up to the switchboard from the “vozdushki” line or from the underground cable), the previously-designed grounding conductor, which is bolted to the earthing bar, is connected to this bus.
Due to the presence of such grounding (which is essentially repeated), you can artificially arrange the wiring of a separate zero bus and a zero working conductor to all consumers directly from the main ground bus. In this case, the phase wire (L) is divorced with them.
It should be noted that the OLCs include special requirements regarding the arrangement on the consumer side, the so-called re-grounding. They apply to sectoral industrial networks, the inclusion of loads in which is produced according to the scheme with a deaf-grounded neutral. This connection method ensures the operability of the entire protective earthing system even in case of an emergency break of the PEN conductor.
It should take into account the fact that in urban apartments to organize the splitting of the PEN-conductor due to re-grounding you will not succeed.
Video
A few words about the installation of grounding and grounding bus: