Project porch. professional tips

04-03-2018

Doors

The porch of a country house is a specially equipped platform located in front of the entrance door of the house. The choice of the design of the porch and its design directly depend on the architectural composition of the whole house.

Determining how to make a successful project of a porch of a country house, as well as correctly position the porch, we must first be guided by the convenience of entering and exiting the house.

Deciding on a porch

В основном, крыльцо дома выполняют в одном стиле с домом, чтобы все смотрелось красиво и целостно. Для этого cottage porch projects содержат известные простые приемы, которые позволяют впоследствии зрительно воспринимать крыльцо и фасад как единое целое.

To do this, the vertical surfaces of the porch are faced with the same materials as the façade décor, and for horizontal surfaces they use a covering that is a natural continuation of the floor covering of the hallway.

It is necessary to take into account the distinctive functional and structural loads of the porch, which, as a rule, are different. You can make a comfortable porch, making a simple platform with steps and a visor, and you can make designs that are a fairly large room, combined with a terrace.

There are several types of porch:

Porch combined with a terrace. This option is handy and beautiful, functional.
The porch is intact with the facade and balconies of the second floor.
One step in front of the entrance without a canopy. Used mainly in hot countries and resort towns.
Classic porch. Одно или двухскатный навес и точеные перила, поддерживаемые резными балясинами. Четкие линии в оформлении, возможна поpaint масляными paintми.
European porch, which is decorated with accessories. Possible glass door, decorated with carvings.
Romantic Porch - openwork lergola entwined with grapes or lianas. There may also be lanterns or benches near the house.

Consider the design of the porch, as well as the stages of the construction of a wooden-concrete porch with dimensions of 1.5x1.8 meters.

Start of construction

Before construction, do the following:

Develop and make a project.
To decide on what the porch of the house will be made of and acquire the necessary amount of materials and fasteners (hardware).
Сделать drawing porch и расчеты по изготовлению и монтажу ступенек.
An estimate should be made on the device of the porch.

Porch construction

Любое house porch projects предусматривают наличие необходимого числа ступенек, а их количество высчитывается в зависимости от высоты нижнего уровня входной двери до поверхности пола. В некоторых конструкциях домов высота каждой ступеньки крыльца и их количество зависит от наличия цокольного этажа и высотой непосредственно цоколя.

An important issue is the construction of the steps of the porch in houses where the level of the floor is from the ground at a rather significant height. When building a staircase, you must make the drawings of the porch, take into account all the conditions of convenience and safety for residents.

Attention:

The size of the porch for the house, of course, is commensurate with the overall architecture of the house and the degree of individuality of the amenities.

The dimensions of the porch should be at least 150-180 cm. Only in this case, the entrance doors will open freely.

Materials for building a porch

The construction of a wooden porch is a fairly simple process and is distinguished by the low cost of the necessary building material. In addition, apply protection for wood.

To do this, additionally grease it:

antiseptic;
engine oil;
bitum;
waste oil.

For the construction of the porch are needed:

concrete;
silicate brick; cement mortar;
edged board 50x150 mm;
edged board 25 mm thick (second grade);
linen;
flooring board;
beam section 100x100mm.
paint

Work order

Foundation

First, select the site where the porch will be attached. Then in this place we dig a pit to fill the foundation. The depth of the pit depends on the type of soil and should be at least 0.75-1 meters. Sand is poured at the bottom of a pit about 20 centimeters thick.

Recommendation: we strictly follow the sequence of work on filling the site.

We make a formwork with a height of 75-100 mm. according to the calculated dimensions of the porch.
On site we prepare a pit for casting sizes for future concrete steps.
Layers lay any scraps of aerated concrete, the battle of stone, glass and pour it all with sand.
Strengthening stakes in the soil for formwork around the perimeter of the pit-pit
On the resulting foundation do waterproofing (usually used roofing material).
We build brickwork in one brick.

Attention: The height of the masonry should be calculated so that as a result of laying bricks, the floor and the floor of the porch were at the same level with the floor in the house.

Steps

We construct the step formwork according to the following scheme:

Formwork boards, in width, must be equal to the height of the risers, in our case 180 mm.
With screws, fasten them to wooden stakes driven into the ground.
When the solution froze in the first stage, we fall asleep with rubble or sand inside the porch.
To give the structure greater strength, we place the metal mesh into the places of concreting (we reinforce).
So that the angles of the steps do not crumble, put a special corner on the edges.
For each step the formwork is installed separately in turn.
After finishing the work with the first stage, we form the formwork above and fill in the next stage, etc.
Comfortable steps have a height of 150 mm and a width of 350 mm.

On top of the brickwork we again waterproof the ruberoid. Then you need to fill the formwork with cement mortar or concrete.

The frame is assembled as follows:

On the perimeter of the foundation we lay the bottom strapping (wooden bar section 150x150 mm).
We install on the rack strapping (wooden bar section 70x70 mm).
Between the bars racks at a height of 1 m install four horizontal jumpers. In this case, the top piping is missing - ceiling ceilings are used instead. They are also rafters.
We assemble a frame from a cut board with a section of 50x50 mm.

In this case, the frame stands are made 10 cm shorter than the racks of the house to give the roof of the porch a slope.

The ceilings of the porch are fixed to the frame stand and to the ceiling of the house with self-tapping screws. In this case, the projection of the pillars should be at least 30 cm for the device of the eaves. We install single door window blocks in the gaps between the racks.

The facade of the construction of the porch sheathe board for further finishing its siding. Before ground plating carefully ground.

1 - concrete screed, 2 - moisture barrier, 3 - logs, 4 - moisture barrier, 5 - floor board

Flooring is done in the following order:

We lay logs in increments of 50 cm.
We place lags on the edge and fix one of their edges on the brickwork.
We cut the second edge into the beams of the house.
We lay floorboards.

So that the porch does not flood or the melting snow does not fall, a canopy is made above the porch. Usually, the same roofing material is used for the shed as for the house. In this case, the continuation of one of the roof slopes will serve as a kind of canopy over the porch.

When designing a porch for its safe operation, you must pay attention to the railing of your porch construction. The presence of the railing is especially important if the porch has more than two or three steps.

From the street we sheathe a design with a siding.

Note that when building a porch, floor boards should not be closely aligned to each other so that there is no accumulation of water. For this, the platform and steps of the porch are made with a slight (1-1.5 °) inclination to the outer side.

We block the roof with the material chosen for this and the construction of your porch is over.

Another variant of the wooden porch is the arrangement of a staircase on kosoura - special beams placed above the steps. In this case, the lower ends of the kosou are supported on a concrete support, which is waterproofed from above. As a support, you can also use the old railway sleeper, which will save your money.

Do not forget that the level of the porch should be 5-7 cm of sentiment below the level of the entrance door, then even if the wood swells or warps from external influences, the difference in surface level of a few centimeters will become some kind of insurance.