Interior door leaves: features and types

Despite the recent alternatives in the form of glazed plastic and all-glass doors, the production of door panels made of wood and wood-based panels is only gaining momentum. The reason for this and lower price, and the ability to install their own hands.

In the case of wooden doors, there are other upgrade options. For example, it is installation of a door leaf in an old box, or installation over an old cloth of decorative overlays from MDF. Having the right tool at your disposal, you can even independently make the door itself - only for this you need to know for sure: what is the technology for assembling the door leaf.

Constructions of room doors

Doors made of wood installed inside the premises and at the entrance to the apartments, as well as the doors intended for administrative and office buildings, are made according to one standard. It does not apply only to models of valuable species, to which pine, most often used in the mass production of doors, does not apply.

In the door unit includes trim and canvas, details of the box, as well as the threshold, if any, provided by the design. If the thickness of the wall in the opening of which the door is installed exceeds the width of the box, then in order to close this difference, additional strips are put.

They are not included, and are selected separately, in accordance with the texture and color of the door unit. Accessories in the form of loops, handles, locks and other accessories are also completed separately.

Types and sizes of canvases

According to GOST, interior door leafs are divided into four types. They may be deaf, that is, opaque; Glazed swing and glazed swinging. The last option is reinforced doors, which are usually placed at the entrance to the apartment.

So:

• The main difference between the doors of the type "U", are cellular fillers door panels, which serve as a heat insulator, and soundproof material. Usually it is a corrugated cardboard, the cells of which resemble in shape wax cells in hives. For filling interior doors, material is usually used with large or small cells. The smaller they are, the better they provide insulation and stiffness of the canvas.

• In this regard, the production of a metal door leaf is not too different from the assembly of a reinforced wooden leaf. In both cases, honeycomb filling is used, although today more and more often, entrance door linens are filled with polystyrene liners with internal voids, or mineral wool.

By and large, the option of filling the door depends on the type of canvas. Deaf and partially glazed doors for internal use are filled with corrugated cardboard. If the door is reinforced deaf, then the filling for it is wooden bars or chipboard strips laid on the edge.

Completeness and dimension

Doors of types “G” and “O” can be not only single-field, but also double-seated (see. Double-door door unit: design features). At the swinging doors, there must be two canvases. But the door type "U" - that is, reinforced, always with one deaf leaf. Thresholds, floats (quarters), linings, and even boxes, in all types of doors may or may not be provided.

• Overall dimensions of unpainted door panels are clearly stipulated by the standard, and should correspond to the sizes of standard apertures. For example, the minimum width of the door leaf, if it is deaf, is 600 mm. If the canvas is glazed, the minimum is 700 mm. The width of the insert should not exceed 480 mm.

• Naturally, the wider the canvas, the wider the insert can be, but the proportions are necessarily preserved. The maximum width of a deaf single-door door is 1100 mm, of a glazed door - 900 mm. The width of the double-leaf swing doors in both cases is 600 mm each, although variations with unequal widths are also allowed.
• Interior door leafs swing type, as well as reinforced doors, have several other sizes, and to get acquainted with them, you can look at GOST. The height of the cloths intended for residential premises is always standard - 2000 mm without box. The height of the glass insert, if any, is not more than 1305 mm. All other options are made only in consultation with the consumer.

• As for the thickness of the canvases, then the narrowest doors, which are usually installed in the bathrooms, should not be less than 30 mm. All other interior door linens have a standard thickness of 40 mm. At the same time, many people have a question: “What gap should there be between the leaf and the door frame?”. The answer is: usually it is 2-3 mm, which we, in fact, see in the above diagram.

The location of the door hinges on the canvas, in the standard version is 250 mm up and down from the ends of the canvas, the lock - 1000 mm from the bottom edge. But these figures are only advisory in nature, especially since today there are hinge loops that are generally attached at the corners of the canvas, or suppose there are hidden loops that are installed on the canvas in the amount of three pieces.

Aesthetics of the door leaf

The state standard regulates the basic designs and sizes of doors that are used in large-scale construction. The manufacturer, in consultation with the customer, can make any kind of door. But in standard apartment buildings, and even when the house is built according to an individual project, only standard doors are most often installed.

• But as for the aesthetic component, it depends not only on the facial finish of the canvas and the glazing variant, but also on its design. Despite the huge variety of door models, there are two main design options for their execution.

• The first option is a panel door, which is shown in the photo above. In this case, the shield is first made, which is glued together from wooden bars. Then it is faced with veneer or, in a simpler version, laminated or sheathed with refined fiberboard.
• However, this canvas is quite heavy. Some readers are perplexed: "There was a curvature of the door leaf - from what?". The number one reason is exactly the same overweight. But identifying and correcting problems arising from the use of wooden doors is a completely different topic. We are talking about the appearance and design of paintings.

Note! The aesthetics of the panel door is achieved only through the front cover, since there is no relief on its surface. To create it, the factory can install decorative overlays for door leaf, made of MDF, over the shield. By the way, if you have an old door with a smooth surface that needs to be updated, you can also mount an overlay panel on it yourself.

• To refine the surface of door leafs, as well as decorative overlays on them, a vacuum press is used in the production for gluing doors together. Those who are interested in the process of facing, can watch the video in this article. In its theoretical part, we pay more attention to the design features of the door panels.
• A special place in the production of internal doors is occupied by frame-shield models, the canvas of which is a frame with internal filling. They can also be deaf or glazed, and the deaf part is performed differently. In one embodiment, it can only be recruited from the middle schools, which are called kinglogs.

Narrow strips of glass are usually inserted between them, which makes the door unusually interesting from an aesthetic point of view. But this is a purely interior version, which cannot be said about the panel door, which may be deaf and glazed, as well as room or entrance. More information about this option will tell the instruction in the next chapter.

Canvases with panels

Aesthetics of panel type doors is achieved not only, and not so much thanks to the facial finish of the surfaces. Here the main role is played by the configuration, the profile, as well as the option of framing inserts. And they can be so different that there is simply no limit to the variety of design of panel doors.

• Thanks to the panels, the canvas looks more voluminous and massive, so the main doors and other external doors almost always make panels - even if they are not natural panels, but their imitation in the form of a profile lining. The framework of the panel canvas consists of four elements of the strapping, and at least one centerpiece.

The transverse sidewall provides the frame with the necessary rigidity, and visually divides the canvas into two parts, one of which may be deaf and the other glazed. Assemble the frame of the bars, connecting the spike method, plus glue. As for the panels, they are often made not even from the board, but are cut from sheet material: plywood, MDF, chipboard, furniture board.

Fiji

When the panels are made of solid wood, they often use the figaret method of their design.

In fact, this is a curved treatment of the edges of the insert, the thickness of which after it is halved:

• First of allThis allows you to give the blank visual volume;
• Secondly, makes it possible to insert a finished panel into the grooves selected on the edges of the strapping bars.

So:

• Fillets can also be framed with or with chamfers. The door leaf is a decorative profile that frames the panel on the deaf part of the sheet, and glass inserts on the glazed part. It repeats the configuration of the fragment, and can be smooth or patterned. The minimum thickness of the panel is 8 mm. The maximum depends on the dimensions of the door, but on average it is 22-28 mm.

• Unlike figarei, waving is not taken at the edges of the insert, but directly on the strapping profile. At the same time along its perimeter a groove is formed with a depth of one and a half to two centimeters, where the film is inserted. However, on the entrance doors to the apartment, they usually make floating panels, whose plane protrudes beyond the surface of the web frame.
• Such panels are made from thick planks or carpentry boards. In this case, the groove is made around the perimeter of the panel, and the thinned edges of the middle pieces and strapping are already wound up in it. We will talk about them in more detail in the next chapter.

Note! There must be a gap of 10 mm between the bottom of the groove and the ridge inserted into it, the task of which is to compensate for the thermal expansion of the material. This is important, because otherwise the door will be deformed. This may also be the reason for the breakdown of door locks.

• Framing of the panels is attached to the binding elements on the glue, or small pins, with the seal of the holes from them with a sealant. As an option, the panels can be framed with one and a half blades inserted into the groove and set on the glue. The size of the panels and their number depend on the design of the canvas.
• If there is only one center piece on its frame, then there can be only two panels, or, when the upper part is glazed, it is completely one. The more bars that can be not only horizontal, but also vertical, the greater the number of cells filled with the panels, they form. A variant of the multifilted door is presented below.

Floats

We have already noted that only the filing-type panels are placed on the entrance doors. The thickness of the filar panel usually does not exceed the thickness of the door leaf.

And the floating version, to achieve greater volume, is made of thicker joinery plates or MDF. The thickness of the filler panel may well be 60 mm, with a thickness of 40 mm.

• It is attached somewhat differently when compared with the figareny option. A recessed groove is cut into the strapping bars under the figarea, where it is inserted. In the case of a floating panel, it is not the perimeter of the panel that is thinned, but the edges of the strapping bars. The grooves are cut in them so that two parallel protrusions are formed - this is what they are called surfacing.

• One of them is brought into the groove at the end of the panel, and the second shelf covers this connection. On the one hand, the panel protrudes beyond the plane of the frame of the canvas, and on the other, it sinks. But there is another option. In order to mount a thicker panel, which should protrude beyond the plane of the frame on both sides, do not make two but three floats.
• Then the panel is put on the middle protrusion, and the two extreme overhangs cover the connection. Having on hand a milling cutter with replaceable cutters, you can not just cut the necessary grooves and arrange the edges of the trimming web, but also beautifully profile the surface of the panel itself.

That is why, with the beauty of wooden doors is difficult to argue. Despite the increasing popularity of plastic and glass doors, they do not lose their position in the market. As far as information on how to collect canvases and install doors in the opening, it can be easily found on our website.