Gost doors: designations and markings

Doors, as well as any other products, as well as building materials, are made in strict accordance with the standards approved by the state. Depending on the version of their execution and purpose, there are documents regulating the production of internal doors, and there is a GOST: internal doors.

How many such standards are there, and what exactly is special attention paid to them? After watching the video in this article, as well as reading the content of the article itself, you will get a lot of useful information on this topic.

Standard wooden doors

The main document on the basis of which the doors of wood and its derivatives are made for installation inside public and residential buildings is the state standard number 6629-88 (see GOST - GOST wooden doors guarantee quality). We note immediately that in the manufacture of soundproof, evacuation or any other door for special purposes, you should not rely on it.

This document also does not make recommendations for the manufacture of door blocks made of valuable species, as they do not belong to the category of typical products. Door blocks for internal installation are divided into several types.

For clarity, we will present each of them in the form of a table:

Type of door and its appearance	Symbol and explanation
	Type "G". This variant of the doors is installed inside buildings: they can have one or two canvases, with a grate filling. Execution options such: with a box and without it; with a threshold and without it; with plates and without them.
	Type "O". Interior doors with glass inserts. This is the only difference from the previous version. Options for the same.
	Type "K". The photo shows the so-called pendulum doors, the doors of which do not pretend, but swing. They are also interior, but differ from the types of "G" and "O" in execution and principle of operation. They are always dvuhpolnye, with a box, without naplav and also without a threshold. The presence or absence of plates is at the discretion of the manufacturer.
	Type "U". This category includes reinforced doors. They are installed inside buildings, at the entrance to an isolated room - for example: in an apartment. They are always odnopolnye, without surfacing and plates. Cloths of such doors necessarily have a solid filling. It is true to decide whether such a door will have a box or not, is provided to the manufacturer. By the way: according to this GOST, the upper half-loops should be installed on the doors manufactured without boxes. The lower half loop must be packed and included in the product kit.

So:

• The standard regulates the manufacture of doors of all kinds, according to clearly specified sizes. Marking of doors according to GOST should reflect the height and width of the opening for which this product is intended. For example: DK 24-19 means: swing door, height 24dm (2.4m), width 19dm (1.9m) taking into account the thickness of the box.
• Double doors of the type "O" and "G" may have canvases uneven in width. To the marking of the same-door door, the letters “P” (right) or “L” (left) are also added. The additional letter “P” means that the door has a threshold - for example: DG 24-15PP.
• As regards not the markings, but the graphic images of the doors in the drawings of the designed buildings, they are carried out in accordance with the standard 21 * 201-2011. In paragraph 4.7 there is a table with samples of graphic images of doors that designers must adhere to. This table is given below.

The manufacture of all types of doors should be carried out in accordance with the working drawings presented in this standard, and only in accordance with the approved frame sizes. Further, a small excursion on technology will be offered to your attention - it can be useful for those who want to make a wooden door with their own hands.

Door assembly

Structurally, the door leafs are subdivided into frame structures consisting of strapping bars and panels, and shield panels. It is more difficult to make a frame door, the material consumption is higher and it must be of high quality. Therefore, the price of the door with this design is higher.

By and large, at the heart of the panel door is the same frame, only with internal filling and lining with cheaper material: plywood or fiberboard 3-5 mm thick. Such doors are cheaper, but at the expense of their hollow structure and filler, they have higher noise insulation properties.

A set of technological operations in the manufacture of panel door is as follows:

• frame assembly and its filling
• cutting facing parts
• bonding shields and processing their ends around the perimeter
• Installation of plates or layouts for glass
• Making a box under the canvas
• Decorative door trim

To make a glazed door, two frames are made of bars with the same section. Details of the frame of the door connect in the corners on the spike or special clips. Filling the framework can be very different: slats, stuffed at some distance or completely, MDF, plywood. If the filling is solid, the order of assembly of the door will be as follows.

So:

• On the one side of the finished frame, a lining is applied, glued around the perimeter with glue, and then fixed with small studs 2-2.5 cm long. Then the frame is turned over and its internal space is filled with bars or slats. Their cross section should correspond to the thickness of the door frame.
• You need to try to fill the elements tightly pressed to each other, and their joints do not match. Next comes the turn of the second shield, which is mounted similarly to the first. In the case when the filling of the frame is not solid, but sparse, you need to try that the cell size does not exceed 4 cm

• In furniture factories, of course, their technologies, and as filling the framework, they use not cellular lumber, but special honeycomb inserts made of pressed cardboard. After the frames are filled, the boards are glued to them with a hydraulic press.

If the pressing is done mechanically, then gluing takes a lot of time - up to half a day. When using the hot method, a quarter of an hour is sufficient for this.

About a day after pressing, the door perimeter is processed. This includes filing shields, sampling grooves, grinding. In conclusion, they set the details of the lining and the layout of the glass, if any.

Exterior doors

In the previous chapter, we talked about the inner wooden doors. External standard doors are made according to another standard, under number 24698-81. It does not apply to doors for cultural buildings, shopping and sports centers, railway stations, as well as doors with an area of ​​more than 9m2.

So:

• This document regulates the manufacture of three types of doors: under the letter “H” - chain and entrance doors, under “C” - service doors. The third type is denoted by the letter "L". This is not even a door, as such, but a hatch (manhole) - for example, to exit from the entrance to the attic. Here, everything is the same: just in view of the purpose, the requirements for the door structures, their sizes and markings are stated.

Door blocks of metal

Today, wooden entrance doors are installed mainly in private homes. In multi-storey buildings, the preference is often given to metal doors - and they are made according to another standard: 31173 * 2003. This document makes requirements for the manufacture of steel blocks, with devices embedded in them that prevent unauthorized entry into the room.

So:

• As for the mechanisms of these devices, they, in turn, are manufactured in accordance with GOST 51242 98. Doors and gates, windows and shutters, blinds and safes - all structures to which protective mechanisms are installed, must meet all the requirements defined by this standard. .

As for the standard for the doors themselves, it applies only to steel blocks installed in civil buildings for various purposes, including residential ones. As for special-purpose doors, which should be, for example, bullet-proof, or have stability during an explosion or fire - they are made according to other regulatory documents.

Classification and labeling

Classify steel doors according to such features as: construction; mechanical characteristics; operational requirements; type of finish. Structurally, they are distinguished by the box: it can be U-shaped; U-shaped with a threshold; closed loop

• Another way of constructive distinction is the number and variant of the opening of the paintings. They can be odnopolnye, including the right and left. They can have two canvases: both the same and different widths - including one non-opening. And also doors can open inside the house or outside.
• According to the number of contours placed in the vestibule, there are only two production options. The door, as a rule, is either one circuit or two - more rarely happens, although GOST also admits this.

• Metal door trim can be very diverse. In addition to paint and lacquer and powder coatings, these are all kinds of facings: leather and leather substitutes with heat insulation; PVC pasted films; wooden slats and tiles; veneer; glass; decorative metal elements. In addition, doors made according to GOST 31173 * 2003 can be combined.
• Metal doors are marked on the same principle as wood, only dimensions are indicated not in decimeters, but in millimeters, and the designation of the strength class is added. For example, the DSV DKN 2100-1270 M3 marking is deciphered as follows: a steel inner door, double floor, with a closed box that opens to the outside. Height is 2100 mm, width is 1270 mm - durability corresponds to the class M3.

Complete door blocks made of metal should be supplied to the customer assembled, including with installed locks. By additional agreement, the door can be equipped with a door closer, a viewing eye or an opening limiter.

A complete set of keys must be sealed in an envelope and handed over to the buyer on signature. They are attached to the product passport, plus installation instructions from the manufacturer.

Fire doors

As mentioned above, for special purpose doors, the above standards do not apply. What documents are oriented manufacturers in this case? Take, for example, fire doors: SNiP 21.01-97 regulates the requirements for fire resistance (see GOST: installation of fire doors).

• This indicator is a certain time period during which the door can resist under the influence of extremely high temperatures and not lose at the same time the carrying capacity, as well as its insulating properties. It is clear that the requirements for such structures are special.

• The harnesses of fire resistant doors must be sealed, and the canvases are equipped with door closers. There are types of doors that are normally used in the clear. In this case, the manufacturer’s duty is to equip them with automatic, triggered during a fire and pretending the canvas.

Note! Another very important requirement is that there should not be a locking mechanism on the door leading to the emergency exit, which cannot be opened without a key. Moreover, not only the materials from which the door leaf is made should be non-flammable, but also the fittings mounted on it.

• Installing fire doors in a privately owned house is voluntary. But there are such categories of buildings that must be equipped with fire doors on a mandatory basis. For example, in high-rise buildings with a height of more than 50 meters, all exits should be equipped with such doors - including vestibules, staircases and elevator shafts.
• The fire resistance limit of the doors installed at these points must be at least half an hour. Doors with the same characteristics are mounted in the elevator halls of single-section buildings, as well as technical basements. In public buildings, all entrance groups must be equipped with fire-resistant door blocks.

Doors that meet fire safety requirements can be made not only of steel, but also of aluminum - with the filling of frames of sheets with refractory glass. In this case, they not only provide the possibility of an emergency emergency evacuation of people in a force majeure situation, but also perfectly complement the interiors and exteriors of buildings.