Equipment for the production of mdf doors

Production of wooden doors and materials made from it is one of the most promising options - both for large and for small businesses. In order to open such a workshop, you will have to not only purchase a list of necessary equipment, but also become familiar with all the production nuances.

Based on the video in this article, we will discuss how to manufacture MDF doors; Consider the mechanisms with which certain technological operations are performed; and tell you what opportunities a particular machine or tool has.

To get quality products

If the company is engaged in the production of interior doors, then you should not focus it only on working with wood, or only with MDF. Moreover, most of the doors are combined: the frame is constructed of pine bars, and only then it is sheathed with sheet material. In general, for the successful sale of products, requires an extensive range, covering different price ranges.

Therefore, the manufacturer must offer the buyer both cheap doors without a decorative coating, and elite, made of natural wood, and a middle center in the form of laminated and veneered products (see Veneered doors: what it is and how it is done). Facilitates the task of the fact that the equipment for the production of MDF doors, with the same success is used for the manufacture of doors from solid wood. Therefore, the list of machines and devices that we present in the course of this article will be general.

Material preparation

The edged board and timber used in the door production must necessarily undergo a drying procedure. There are several ways to reduce the moisture content of wood, and the easiest of them is natural.

But it requires a lot of time, therefore, drying chambers are used in the production for this purpose. This is a stationary box with a ventilation system in which the temperature is maintained from +40 to +100 degrees.

So:

• First, when the fan is running, the lumber is heated by steam, and then the temperature is gradually brought to the desired mode. Since the design features of the drying chambers may differ, the principle of working with them is determined by the manufacturer's instructions.
• Warm-up time depends on the type of wood, and the essence of drying consists not only in the normalization of moisture, but also in the removal of stresses from its internal fibers. Upon reaching the required percentage of moisture, the tree is not immediately taken out of the chamber, but kept in it for up to three hours. If poorly dried material is used in production, the products will be deformed.

• The cost of the drying chamber depends on its capacity, and at least it is 2 million rubles.. Not everyone has such tools, so some craftsmen make their own hands. Allocate for this room, the surface of which is qualitatively insulated, insulated with foil steam, install a fan and heating elements. Often, for this purpose, use infrared film for warm floors, as it is very economical in terms of energy consumption.

If you wish, information on this topic can be easily found on the Internet. The main issue that will have to be solved in this case is the method of loading wood into the chamber. This is usually, as in the photo, a cart on the rails, but you can also use a forklift. And, of course, you should take care of fire safety.

Equipment for calibration and cutting material

It is clear that the wood used for the manufacture of doors must be calibrated - that is, it must have clear geometric dimensions. Therefore, after drying, the lumber is processed on a four-side planing machine that is able to process the workpiece from all sides at once. With the passage of the bar through it, four cutters not only align the surface, but also reveal the defective places.

Multirip saws

An enterprise that has a multi-sawing machine at its disposal can significantly increase productivity. Such equipment allows, in order to reduce costs, not to buy a finished edged board, but roundwood, and to cut it on the board and timber independently.

The capabilities of this machine make it possible to massively manufacture molded workpieces, including from sheet and plate material: plywood, chipboard, fiberboard, MDF, furniture board.

Note! Machine tools with a multi-sawing system are suitable for both longitudinal processing and transverse. Depending on the type of unit, it can be provided for up to two dozen saws. Their layout is standard, and very similar to the sawmill, but unlike a multi-saw machine, there are several blanks on the sawmill at the same time.

• In addition, billets passed through a multisaw unit are distinguished by greater geometrical accuracy. All of its work items are located on the bed, and in some models there is also a material feed line, which is a roller conveyor.
• The material supply unit is driven by an electric motor, and consists of shafts with spikes, ensuring uniform movement of the workpieces. The sawing unit can consist of several or of one shaft, on which circular saws are mounted. By the way, they can be located not only in the vertical plane, but also horizontally.

If necessary, the multi-sawing machine is completed with the milling mechanism necessary for machining the ends, as well as with the installation for trimming edges. The complete set of the machine can vary depending on parameters of products which are required to receive.

Trimming machines

In work with any lengthy material, it is impossible to do without miter saws. In a small workshop, carpenters can also use manual options, but for large amounts of work a machine is needed.

By trimming is called transverse cutting of wood materials, with the help of which the blank is shaped into a rectangle and a blank of a certain length is obtained.

So:

• When an enterprise has a dryer, one miter machine can be installed on the site where raw material is sorted, and the second is used to cut an already calibrated bar or board. Such equipment has rather big opportunities.

• In addition to trimming the ends is the division of the workpiece into 2 parts; determination of the section with the defect, which is automatically removed during sawing; cutting blanks of a certain length. All these operations can be performed by the machine both simultaneously and alternately. Here a lot depends on the configuration of the machine, its settings, as well as the task.
• As in multi-sawing machines, circular saws with teeth made of hard alloys are used here. However, they have a different angle of sharpening, since wood has to be cut across the fibers. A saw with the correct teeth cuts the material like clockwork, and does not tear or crush it.

• Since the cross-cutting cycle is periodic, the moving parts of the machine do not have time to heat up very much, therefore the mechanism works for a long time. The only, for the convenience of work, tortsovochny machine should have a convenient device for feeding blanks. Usually it is either a conveyor or a roller table - a roller table, the price of which, depending on the length, varies between 16,000 and 25,000 rubles.

To ensure that when sawing, there is no discrepancy between the required and actual dimensions of the products, all measuring instruments on the machine, as well as the line of emphasis on the roller table, should be periodically checked and adjusted. To obtain the most accurate parameters, modern trimming machines are equipped with optical instruments, which also need to be checked from time to time.

Format cutting machine

When working with sheet wood material, which is MDF, it is impossible to do without a machine for format cutting. On it the cut is made on a straight line or at an angle: it is processed both lengthy, and slab material, and it is also possible to cut the whole pile of plates at once according to a single pattern.

• To do this through any other machine tools or tools, if it can, it will take a lot of time and effort, which is simply unacceptable for mass production of joinery. In general, production efficiency largely depends on the overall functionality of machines for format cutting.
• All of them are professional, and are divided into three categories. In the first group are the most simple models of economy class, with small dimensions, and without additional equipment stops, rulers and clamps. Such machines can work no more than five hours in a row, and are designed for a relatively small amount - ideal for a small private workshop.

• The second category includes medium power machines that can work a full shift (at least 8 hours), and are provided with all the necessary fixtures and components. Including, they can be equipped with a device for sucking dust. Well, the third option is industrial machines, which have the most robust construction, complete set, electronic control circuit, and are able to work for two working shifts.
• The basis of any machine is a bed on which all working mechanisms are mounted. The harder and harder it is, the less vibration and higher the cutting accuracy. On the bed fixed two saw blade. A cutting disc is located in front of it - it has a smaller diameter, and its function is to trim the upper (facing) layer on the workpiece.

• Finally, the main disc cuts the material, the size of which determines the cutting depth. Such an arrangement of disks allows to produce a high-quality cut, with smooth edges and without chipping. The format machine has three work tables: one movable, according to which a full format MDF sheet is fed for cutting; the second reference, which should support the cut off parts. The third, fixed table, on which, in fact, the saw unit is fixed, is the main one.

To cut a workpiece on such a machine, the sheet is placed on a movable table that moves along the guide carriage. With the help of the stop measure the desired length, and start the saw mechanism. As soon as he gains momentum, by shifting the table, the sheet is fed to the saw unit, and the fragment is cut off. From the settings in the format machine: only the depth and angle of the cut.

Equipment for milling and cutting spikes

Without a milling machine, it is impossible to imagine any carpentry workshop, because cutting profiles, grooves, three-dimensional reliefs, curvilinear cuts of a large radius, and even engraving on wood, is done in a mechanized way.

The only difference is that milling machines used in one way or another, differ somewhat in design. There are six types of removable tools, the use of which is due to the need to obtain one or another type of treatment.

• Thus, the machine for milling wood can be considered as a universal mechanism. The height of the cutter, located on a movable vertical shaft, can be adjusted. But the position of the part being machined is limited by means of stops and guides.

• In a small workshop, you can get by with a manual router, a variant of which is presented above, but for the mass production of joinery products, machines with numerical control are used. Manufacturers offer a huge range of such equipment, which has a variety of characteristics, and is controlled by operating systems.
• With a router on a vertical shaft, it is possible to countersink, that is, to obtain conical holes; bore them; dado. With the help of such machines handle the edges of the blanks, make the frame. But mirror-symmetrical, or absolutely identical shaped blanks: tsarg, panels (see Panel of the door: how to make and install), it is impossible to make without a milling machine of copying type.
• The doorframe is most often assembled in a spike fashion. The spikes on the ends of the blanks, as well as the notches for them (eyelets), can be obtained only with the help of a tenoning machine. In it, the working mechanisms are also cutters and saws. As well as other milling machines, tenoner units can be equipped with CNC, and controlled by a microprocessor.

• In any case, an oval or round spike can be made only on such equipment. In addition to cutting the spikes, it is possible to machine the perimeter of the door leaf on machine tools with a programmed control, to process calibrated sheet material, to splice the bars along the length, which is sometimes necessary for the manufacture of panel doors.

Note! In addition to the main woodworking machines, as mentioned above, in the door industry, you will need additional equipment, with which you can finish the finished canvases and moldings.

• This is a hydraulic press, with the help of which the door MDF-lining is veneered, and an edgebanding machine, by means of which narrow strips of veneer glue onto the ends of the sheets. This can include a spray booth, a press for gluing together bars, a surface grinding machine, and a packing machine — otherwise how can I transport products?

As you can see, the list of equipment is quite large, and it is clear that in order to equip the carpentry shop, you need to spend a lot of money. But do not forget this: the availability of machines and the necessary tools does not guarantee a quality result. In the end, it all depends on the professional competence of people working on this equipment.