Door closer: design options and requirements for them

Doors that have a stop or swing doors often need controlled closing. This is important not only in cases when a large flow of people passes through them, but also where there are strong drafts. A device called a door follower can provide control of the web closing.

In our country, these devices are manufactured according to the standard P 56177, developed in 2014 with the participation of the world's leading manufacturer of door and window systems: the German company GEZE. You and I can only hope that, for example, the closer for the door "Diplomat" from Serbia, is slightly superior in quality and design to the products of the domestic manufacturer.

Classification signs closers

The first sign on which the door closer is classified is its purpose. Rather, it is the same for all devices: closing. But the doors themselves, as well as the installation options on them, are different. You learn more about what criteria they are classified by.

Separation by purpose

There are five types of devices:

• Overhead option (DN) - installed in the upper vestibule of the swing door.
• Mortise device (DV) - is also designed for swing doors, and is installed at the top.
• Device for installation in the floor (DP): lower installation on the doors with a porch.
• The closer for doors of pendular type (DM).
• Devices equipped with additional functions - most often it is dead, but there may be depreciation when opening. Briefly denoted by letters DF.

How is the class determined

There is also a division into classes, which depends on the maximum width and weight of the canvas. After reviewing the table below, you will learn how to choose the right door closer.

This is the second classification characteristic:

• There are I, II and III classes, which reflect the degree of reliability of the device. This is the third sign by which various types of door closers are classified.
• The fourth sign indicates whether closers can be used for fire doors. 0- cannot; 1- can.

• The fifth classification attribute is the conditions under which the device can be operated. There are only two options: H - normal conditions, at temperatures of -15 +40 degrees; The letter M designates frost-resistant closers for doors that can operate at temperatures below -15 degrees.

The last, sixth sign are the three classes that determine the corrosion resistance of the device. The most resistant to moisture, devices belong to class I, respectively, class III is the lowest. The price of the device depends not only on the manufacturing material and the complexity of the design solution, but also on the class of the door closer.

Marking and completeness

The marking of the closing device should reflect all 6 classification features. It encodes the name, class, number and letter designations of the type and type of product, as well as the number of the standard for which it was made.

Обратите внимание! Например, марка ДПДФ 310Н2 означает, что это напольный доводчик с функцией дохлопа; для дверей шириной 95 cm и весом 60кг; первой категории безотказности; не может ставиться на противопожарные двери; должен эксплуатироваться только в нормальных условиях; имеет среднюю коррозийную устойчивость. Автодоводчики дверей импортного производства, помечаются ещё и двумя дополнительными буквами СЕ.

Such marking, plus the date of manufacture and the trademark of the manufacturer, should be not only on the closer, but also on the component parts to it. The brand mark is usually placed on the front side of the product, which we see in the photo above.

Marking, as a rule, is placed on the back of the case, but if the closer is mortise, then its mark can be read by removing the protective panel.

Included with the product must be attached not only the operating and maintenance instructions for the device, but also the full-size template-template that you see above. Using it, the closing device can be installed by anyone. For clarity, we offer to view the video: "Install door closer."

Designs for closers and requirements for them

One of the main requirements of GOST to closers is the use of corrosion-resistant materials and coatings in their production. That is why for the manufacture of such devices used grade and calibrated steel, as well as zinc, aluminum, copper-zinc and alumina-zinc alloys.

If the device is overhead

Despite the fact that the door closer device may differ structurally, there are general requirements that all models must meet.

• First of all, they should provide the opening of the canvas not less than 90 degrees. If the door is a pendulum - then in each direction. The duration of closing the door, open at a right angle, should be within two to five seconds.
• Regardless of the angle of opening of the door, which is determined by its class, the closer must close the leaf at least 70 degrees. If it is a magnetic door closer, then the final closure occurs due to the attracting properties of the magnet. In another embodiment, this may be a device of the type DF, equipped with a dohlop function.
• The product can be considered quality when it is possible to adjust the position of the canvas with respect to the box or the adjacent sash so that the difference is no more than 1 degree. In addition, the canvas should be securely fixed in extreme positions: both closed and open.

Requirements for built-in closers

All DV and DP type closers must be equipped with an opening damping function - that is, the device must slow it down until it reaches the extreme open position.

• If we keep in mind the wide open 90 degrees. the canvas, the segment of the path when closing up to the mark of 65 degrees., is a zone of delay. A quality device should provide time for the passage of this zone for no less than 20 seconds.
• This property of the closer is called the function of slowing the closing of the web. The requirements of the standard also apply to the amount of time required to override the closing delay manually. This indicator should not exceed 15.3 kgf / m.
• The maximum and minimum setting of the door closer according to the closing force should ensure all the requirements of the standard - including those that are common to all types of devices. As for the specifically built-in mechanisms, they should also provide accelerated closing at the final stage. That is, the dohlop function for embedded closers is required.

All regulators, by means of which additional functions are controlled, are hidden in the instrument case, and are activated by a special tool. The design of any closer - and embedded in particular, should provide for unhindered access to the mechanism, without the need for dismantling.

The housing of the device, regardless of its type, must be sealed and exclude the possibility of fluid leakage, ensuring the operation of the mechanism.

Constructional features of closers

To open the door leaf, it must be influenced by a certain force. Part of it when opening, and when closing - the full effort, the closer takes over.

Most often it is accumulated by means of a spring, which is compressed when the door is opened. Unclenched, she simply moves the canvas to its original closed position.

• Most often, closers on swing doors are installed on top. The fact is that the embedded version can be installed only in the process of arranging the floor covering or its repair. In the overwhelming majority, DN type closers have a spring design. In addition to the spring, they have a gear with a gear piston, due to which it moves.

• With the piston is connected to one end of the closer lever, which receives the force through the spring. Moving in an arc, it smoothly opens or closes the door. Despite the fact that this is the most popular option, today it is not the best.
• Cam-type drive options appeared much later, and experts consider them to be the most optimal. The main part of such a door closer is the cam. It is located between the opening and the brake pistons, and communicates with the adjacent elements by means of rollers.
• It doesn’t do without a spring either: when opening the web, the piston acts on it through the cam. When closing, the spring straightens and the brake piston is activated, which prevents the door from slamming with force. In this case, the opening piston rises to its original position.

Note! Cam-type closers have a much higher degree of control over the closing of the web, which, moreover, can be regulated. Their enclosures are more compact, which is a particularly valuable quality for embedded devices. Since they lack a power lever, DV-type devices are distinguished by high torque.

The smoothness of the operation of such a door closer is ensured by the installation of a power closing roller. For a revolving door, it is placed in the middle of the opening, for a swing door - against the wall.

We note only that not every model of the closer can be positioned in the center of the opening. If we talk about the fundamental difference in the design of devices for the top and floor installation, then by and large, the main thing is the presence or absence of a lever.

Conclusion

Из всего вышесказанного, любому человеку понятно, что перед тем, как выбрать доводчик для дверей, необходимо в первую очередь обратить внимание на ширину и вес полотна. По классификационной таблице, максимальная ширина составляет 1,6 м, а вес 160 kg.

In cases where these figures are exceeded, there is only one way out - to put two closing devices on the door. It is desirable to select the closers at least one class higher than what is required - and the video in this article will help you with this task.