Concrete porch with their own hands

The article will tell about building materials and the calculation of their volumes for purchase, how to choose the size of the porch and the foundation for it. Porch concrete - how to make, or rather a phased construction of the structure.

If your house is made of concrete or brick, then it is advisable to make a similar porch to it. If the house is wooden, then you can also build a porch of concrete and make wood decoration. The result will be a harmonious design.

Porch dimensions

As a rule, the porch has several steps (see Steps for the porch: the original design of the main entrance). For subsequent work, it is necessary to determine the optimal dimensions. We use the recommendations of building codes and technical guidelines.

First, determine the width of the stairs:

• for the passage of one person without difficulty, the required width of the staircase is 0.8 m;
• so that two people can disperse on the porch - 1.0 m

These are the minimum sizes you can increase. You can also reduce it, but you will need to undergo an examination, but this will entail some inconvenience in operation. It is advisable to adhere to the size taken from the building regulations.

What should be the angle: no more than 45 ° and not less than 26 ° 40? or recommended slope from 1: 1 to 1: 2. The most optimal slope varies from 1: 2 to 1: 1.75. The number of steps is better to do the odd, it is convenient for people to begin and end the movement with the same foot.

The step width should be 25 cm, the step height from 12 cm to 20 cm. Try to calculate the height so that it is approximately the same, plus or minus 0.5 cm. This will help to withstand the slope of the stairs. The so-called overhang of steps should not exceed 3 cm.

The upper platform should be slightly below the end of the door (about 5 cm), and its area is sufficient for the smooth opening of the door.

Council Before the start of construction work, it is desirable to make a sketch of the porch, it will be easier to work on it. You will correctly calculate all the dimensions of the steps and the upper platform. The device of a concrete porch to conduct according to drawings will be much simpler, rather than without them.

Preparatory land works

It is necessary to remove the layer of earth under the dimensions of the foundation and under the substrate under it. What is the substrate. This is the usual sand and rubble.

At the flat bottom of the pit lay:

1. Sand layer - 10 cm and we thoroughly tamped (to improve the process we pour sand with water);
2. Layer of rubble - 5 cm and again we tamp.

Sand-crushed cushion should go to 10 cm for the dimensions of the foundation. The substrate in cross section has the form of a trapezoid, the sloping walls of which are made at an angle of 45 ° C.

Formwork under the foundation

What is formwork? Formwork is installed along the contour of the structure and gives concrete the necessary shape. After the device of the pit and the substrate go to the mounting of the formwork of wooden boards.

Why formwork should be made of wood rather than steel or aluminum:

1. Much more economical
2. Speed ​​and ease of manufacture

Requirements for formwork boards:

• board thickness not less than 2 cm;
• width no more than 20 cm;
• the side adjacent to the concrete should be, without fail, planed;
• if the boards are too dry, they must be wetted so that the wood moisture is at least 25%.

We fasten the formwork with bars or scraps of the same planks with the help of nails that can be bent at least 1 cm. To support the formwork, we make a spacer at each step.

Foundation under the porch

The porch of concrete with their own hands needs a shallow foundation. The depth of this foundation should be below the depth of soil freezing by 0.2 m - 0.3 m.

If the room is heated, and the temperature does not fall below + 10 ° C, then the depth of the foundation can be taken less than the standard.

The estimated depth can be reduced:

• 30% - floor on the ground;
• 20% - floors on logs;
• 10% - floors on the beams.

The figures are obtained by experiment.

Using the data table, you can easily determine the depth of your foundation under the porch.

If you lay smaller sizes under the foundation, it can lead to:

• foundation deformations;
• basement instabilities;
• basement destruction

You need to know where the groundwater horizon is. If he got into the zone of the foundation, then you need to make a drainage of water.

Material for a concrete porch

Всем понятно, что для строительства крыльца потребуется concrete. Что нужно знать при выборе бетона. Concrete имеет три основные характеристики: прочность, морозостойкость и водонепроницаемость.

For private construction in the middle lane, as a rule, concrete of class B15 is used, for frost resistance F150, water resistance is not standardized.

You have decided to build a concrete porch with your own hands; know that you will need not only concrete, but also fittings. Purchase rebar of periodic profile class A-III with a diameter of 12 mm. You will need to tie the armature with a wire.

In all directions, place the reinforcement in 200 mm increments (standard pitch). The picture below will help you navigate. For the layout of reinforcement is also better to make a sketch. In the future, it will be more convenient for you to calculate the required amount of material.

How to calculate the basic building material for a concrete porch?

Concrete

So, you know the overall dimensions of the foundation shallow. Multiplying the height, width and length, you get the required amount of concrete for it. Now you need to calculate the amount of concrete for the stairs. You can calculate the volume for each step, by summing up all the steps, you get the necessary amount of concrete for the stairs.

Fittings

Standard reinforcing bars have a maximum length of 12 m. If you are carrying out a porch (see The Porch With Your Hands: Recommendations from Specialists) not from pieces of reinforcement, having calculated the total length of the necessary reinforcement and dividing it by 12, you will receive the required number of bars for reinforcing the porch. It is desirable to make the layout of the reinforcement on paper with all the necessary dimensions. Work on the drawings is always easier.

Rubble and sand

So:

1. To calculate the volume of crushed stone, we take the sides of the macadam base, multiply and multiply the result by 0.05 m. We obtain the required volume of crushed stone in cubic meters (take the size of the sides in meters).
2. To calculate the sand, we take the sides of the sand base, multiply and multiply the result by 0.1 m. We obtain the required volume of sand in cubic meters.

Please note that the total amount (applies to all materials) is best multiplied by a safety factor from 1.1 to 1.2. Thus, you calculate the desired volume with a small margin.

In order to build a porch with your own hands from concrete, you will need the following basic materials:

• sand;
• crushed stone;
• wooden plank;
• fittings;
• concrete.

Stages of installation

So:

1. Land works. It is necessary to dig a foundation pit for a small foundation of the required size.
2. Level the bottom of the pit.
3. We make sand and crushed stone substrate.
4. We install wooden formwork.
5. Knit reinforcement cage
6. Fill the structure with concrete.

Concrete can be factory or made by hand.

For the manufacture of concrete yourself will need:

• sand;
• cement;
• crushed stone;
• water.

All components are taken a certain brand and fraction, as well as in a certain percentage relative to each other. First you need to mix all the dry matter, and then add water and mix everything well again.

After you have filled the factory or your concrete you need to get rid of voids. To do this, ideally, take a vibrator and walk it over the entire area of ​​concrete. If you do not want to spend money on the purchase of the device, then take a chopper and get rid of excess air in the concrete.

When you make sure that the concrete does not have empty spaces, you need to cover it with a film. The film protects the concrete from atmospheric exposure. Ideally, the concrete will pick up the necessary strength only after 28 days. For the porch enough for 7 days, after which we remove the film and formwork.

In the butt of the steps, in order to avoid chipping, you can press a ravnopolochny small corner. This procedure must be done before the concrete cures. If desired, the steps can be finished with a special floor tile, which has a rough surface (see Tile for the porch).

The railing can be made of metal corners or wood, which is still best. Now you know how to make a porch of concrete by yourself.

Concrete Porch Operation

When using a properly designed and properly mounted concrete porch chipped tiles are possible. In this case, the repair of the concrete porch will be simple, it will be enough to knock the chipped tile and put a new one in its place. Therefore, it is desirable to purchase floor tiles for a couple of pieces more from the required quantity.

Using the information received, you can build a porch for your home with your own hands.