What is the optimal thickness of a bar for a house from a

When building their own wooden house, each person asks the question: "How to choose the optimal thickness of the timber for interior and exterior walls"? Our article will help you to understand what types and sizes of this material are, how to calculate its thickness correctly and understand for yourself what is the required thickness of a bar for a house from a bar in your case.

Types and sizes of wood for building houses

There are three types of timber to build houses.

• Оцилиндрованный брус или «кругляк»;
• Planed profiled and non-profiled;
• Glued.

Kruglyak is actually a log in which the bark and the top layer of the tree are cut off with a machine.

The diameter of the log at the same time along the entire length, which greatly facilitates the construction of the house.

The disadvantages include:

• high shrinkage of felling (up to 10%);
• the formation of cracks is also possible, especially in the corners of the log house and the junction, which is unacceptable;
• in addition, such a frame has a high throughput;
• very vulnerable to fungus and mold;
• due to low manufacturing accuracy and high shrinkage, additional caulking of joints is usually required after complete drying.

Dry planed non-profiled bar is made at the plant from wood with a residual moisture content of not more than 30%. To do this, the log is sawn to the desired size.

Standard cross sections of timber:

• 150x150,
• 150x200,
• 200x200 mm

Its indisputable advantage compared with roundwood is the absence of excess wood, which means that the house requires a less massive foundation. In addition, it is much more convenient to build from a rectangular beam and, therefore, faster.

The disadvantages are the same as for the round timber, except for high shrinkage.

Profiled timber отличается тем, что с противоположных сторон на заводе в нем выбираются канавки таким образом, чтобы при сборке конструкция собиралась методом «шип-паз».

This forms a very precise compound that is practically not blown by the wind. Disadvantages remain the same, except for blowing through.

Glued laminated timber is a new technology in the production of wooden beams for construction. It is devoid of all the disadvantages inherent in all previous types of material.

The timber is made of boards, dried to a relative humidity of 2-10% and glued together under high pressure in a package. After gluing, the finished bag is profiled.

Due to the layered structure of it:

• not broken;
• does not crack;
• does not shrink.

Since in the process of gluing the boards are treated with special anti-fungal compounds, glued laminated timber does not mold and does not gin. The lack of laminated veneer lumber - a significantly higher price.

Ready kits for assembly

Many factories for the production of laminated veneer lumber make special sets of wooden houses for the construction of their own hands. The kit includes all the necessary elements with ready-made notches for connections with each other.

All items are necessarily labeled. From such a kit house is built as a designer.

The maximum thickness of glued laminated timber is conditioned both by state standards and the equipment on which it is produced. Usually material is made for walls up to 9m in length with thicknesses from 210 to 270 mm and height to 270 mm.

Rafters and floor beams are made up to 12 m long and cross-section up to 50x100 mm. I must say that there are other sizes.

The set for the construction of a wooden house is made at the factory by the individual order.

Package may include:

• seal from a special non-woven fabric that is not subject to decay and decay to ensure the integrity of the walls of the house;
• or timber with wedge-shaped grooves and protrusions to ensure the tightness of the connection;
• tie rods and shackles;
• compression springs with a force of up to 2000 kg each, so that during operation the tree does not warp and gaps do not appear as shrinkage;
• assembly drawings and self-assembly instructions for the house;
• specification of materials in the kit;
• manufacturer’s warranty obligations;
• certificates of conformity of quality and ecology;
• 3D models of the finished house.

How to choose the optimal thickness of the beam for the house

According to the building codes and regulations (SNiP), the thickness of the timber for the house is selected depending on the climate of the territory where the house is to be built. However, it must be said that there are some calculations by which you can set the exact value of this parameter.

Calculation formulas

The thickness of the walls of the house is selected in this case according to two main criteria:

• sanitary and hygienic (standardized);
• energy saving.

The required size for walls can be calculated by the formula:

Sм = R * Kt;

where SM is the required material thickness

R is the heat transfer resistance of the wall (depends on the region of residence),

Kt is the coefficient of thermal conductivity of the material.

For the middle band, the heat transfer resistance of the wall is assumed to be 3.0 - 3.2. Kt for wood 0.12-0.18 depending on the type of wood. For a particular region, this value can be found in the corresponding directory.

Thus, we obtain for a house built from pine timber:

SM = 3.0 * 0.15 = 0.45 M

Those. the thickness of the timber for construction should be 450 mm. In practice, material with such dimensions is not made. In order to maintain a comfortable temperature in the room, it is necessary to warm the walls from the inside. For wall insulation, both inside and outside, imitation of a bar is used, under which a layer of insulation based on mineral wool is placed.

Tip! In practice, according to experts, with a wall thickness of 150 mm, a heater with a thickness of 100 mm is sufficient, and if a beam is 200 mm, then 50 mm of insulation is enough.

Wall insulation

In order for a wooden house from a bar to be warm and comfortable enough for living, imitation of a bar is used to warm the walls from the inside and outside. Due to the variety of shapes and sizes of this timber, everyone will be able to choose it to their liking.

Exterior finish

• Standard length of imitation 3 and 6m. There are also sizes 2, 2.2, 3.6, 5.4 m.
• The thickness of the imitation timber is from 18 to 34 mm. Lamella width from 110 to 190 mm.
• In practice, for the exterior use of a material with a width of 150 mm and a thickness of 25-32 mm in order to maximize the similarity of the finish with natural material.
• If you use a narrower imitation of timber, then the wall will resemble the sheathed clapboard, and therefore it makes no sense to overpay.

In order to achieve the minimum number of joints when exterior trim the length of the slats should be chosen more than the length of the wall.

So that over time the wall trimmed with imitation of the beam is not distorted, to choose the thickness of the imitation of the beam, use SNiP, which regulates the ratio of the width of the lamellae and their thickness according to the formula

T = W / 5,5,

where T is the thickness of the lamella, and W - its width.

Tip! When laying insulation outside the wooden wall, a layer of vapor barrier should be placed on both sides of the insulation. This is necessary in order to prevent the ingress of moisture from the inside and outside.

Interior finish

For interior decoration it is advisable to use an imitation width of less than 110 mm. This is due to the fact that the wider the lamella, the more optically smaller the size of the room to be trimmed. In addition, the thickness of imitation timber in this case may be significantly less than with the exterior finish, and therefore cheaper.

They fix the product indoors often in different directions, which allows you to choose the optimal length. Usually take a length of 2 or 3m. With such lengths, among other things, it is much more convenient to work indoors.

Especially worth staying on the ceiling decoration. On the ceiling, the lamella joints are clearly visible. Therefore, for ceiling filing should be used or imitation of the beam for the entire length of the room or dock the parquet method, alternating the junction of the slats with the middle of the next.

Conclusion

It becomes clear that the process of building a wooden house from a bar has its own nuances and some subtleties associated with the calculations, including the calculation of the optimum thickness of the material. Of course, this work is not the most difficult, but also requires detailed consideration.

A video in this article will help to deal with some other points.