What is reinforced monolithic structures

Currently, the device of concrete and reinforced concrete structures monolithic is an integral part of industrial and civil construction, and regulated by the SNiP 3.03.01-87 Goskomstroy of the USSR, which replaced all previous building codes.

There are two versions of the production of concrete products - this is the factory workshop (prefabricated construction) and the construction site itself (monolithic construction), and the second option is much more common, as it allows the construction dimensions to be arbitrarily varied. Below we will talk about the second method, which is also used at home, and in addition, we will show you the video in this article as an addition to the topic under discussion.

Manufacturing methods

Note. Concrete is called an artificial building material, which is made by molding a binder (mainly cement) and fillers such as sand, crushed stone and gravel, mixing it all with water. Most often, such a mixture is poured onto the reinforcement cage, so that at the construction site can produce concrete and reinforced concrete structures.

Differences between prefabricated and monolithic structures

• In accordance with ENiR, prefabricated and monolithic construction is used for concrete and reinforced concrete structures for the construction of buildings and structures.where the first option involves the erection of various architectural forms using blocks, reinforced concrete floor slabs and panels, which are manufactured in the factory.
• Similar elements of the assembly are manufactured in the factory according to a certain standard, but with different sizesto be able to use them in projects of any size and technical complexity. The advantage of this assembly is that for the manufacture of materials do not need to waste time, thus reducing the design time of construction.

• If the structure is built in a monolithic way, then it automatically allows to design it with any number of floors., and the assembly itself can be of any shape, as reinforcement and casting are carried out directly on the construction site. For the arrangement of monolithic structures, such works as the installation of formwork, reinforcement work (assembling of reinforcing cages), as well as pouring and vibroramming of concrete are performed. All these works are pre-laid on the GESN in the project plan.

Monolithic construction and reinforcement

In total, the design of reinforced concrete monolithic structures lies in the reinforced concrete base, built by pouring the solution on the reinforcement cage, and all together it represents a complex of columns and diaphragms combined by overlaps, which are made in the same way.

Due to the saving of building materials and energy, the price of such a project is lower than that of the national team, although it takes longer to implement. Another advantage in the construction of structures of this type can be called self-supporting walls, which in total reduces the weight of the box by 2-3 times compared with the same brickwork.

All this allows you to create a free layout, going to a high architectural level, where the installation instructions are set by the designer himself, which ensures a very high comfort of the premises.

Despite all the advantages, it can be noted that this process is more laborious, where from 40% to 50% of all actions are in the performance of reinforcement works, moreover, about 70% of them have to be done manually. It is impossible to put it on stream, because almost all projects are purely individual, where solutions that are not repeatable in other structures are required.

Note. To reduce labor costs for large buildings, part of the work is transferred to the reinforcement shop. Sometimes such workshops can be equipped in close proximity to the construction site.

Formwork

In addition to the manufacture and installation of reinforcement cages and before the preparation and pouring of concrete during the construction of monolithic structures, formwork works are carried out, which are responsible for creating the form of the inlet structure.

By type of material can be divided into:

• wooden,
• metal,
• деревянно-metal,
• plastic,
• metal-plastic and
• even on pneumatic (inflatable).

Inventory formwork, which is quickly assembled and disassembled by hand, is used most often, while the assembled structure is compact enough and does not interfere with the work of concreting (pouring).

By types of formwork are divided into two classes and one of them, this is a stationary assembly, when the assembled structure is used only once on one particular object. Such an approach requires a large consumption of building materials (most often it is boards and timber), although it is rather difficult to do without this when designing individually.

Wrap-around formwork, which consists of many elements such as shields, props and clamps, is much cheaper.

But such formwork can be:

1. Lifting and reversing - for structures with constant and variable cross-section of the type of pipes, silos;
2. Mobile or rolled horizontally - for arches and shells of double curvature;
3. Movable or sliding vertically - for silos, bridge supports, etc.

Note. With monolithic construction, cutting of reinforced concrete with diamond circles and diamond drilling of holes in concrete is carried out similarly to the same processes for concrete goods made in the factory.

Conclusion

In conclusion, it should be said that the acceptance of monolithic reinforced concrete structures should be carried out strictly in accordance with SNiP 3.03.01-87. That is, this includes not only the structural strength of the concrete, but also the roughness of the surface, which must fully comply with the design plan.