Wall concrete panels: standards and requirements

According to what regulatory documents are concrete panels for walls made? By what signs are they classified? How to read the labeling panels? How is the delivery of a batch of these products to the customer documented? Let's look at these issues.

Regulations

We have to examine two documents regulating the production of products of interest to us.

1. GOST 11024-84 contains a list of technical requirements for exterior wall panels with and without reinforcement.

Useful: aerated concrete wall panels (according to the text of the document - made from autoclaved cellular concrete) also fall under its action.

1. Separately, we consider the internal document of the design bureau named after A.A. Yakushev, specializing in architectural and construction systems and new technologies in construction. It contains recommendations for the design of three-layer panels with an inner layer of thermal insulation of extruded polystyrene foam.

GOST 11024-84

Let's explore the main points of the document.

Classification

Outdoor panels are classified according to three characteristics:

1. Assignment to the building structure. The following options are possible:

1. Products for ground floors.
2. Products for technical basements or plinths.
3. Attic panels.

Titles

Considering the classification, concrete wall panels are divided into several types.

For above ground floors:

For basements and technical basements:

For attics:

Dimensions

Before giving the values ​​of the sizes, it is worth explaining the meaning of one term.

Reference: coordination size - a value that defines the boundaries of the modular space in one of the directions. Simply put, this is the length or height of a section of a facade that corresponds to one panel and includes part of the seam thickness.

Brand of concrete

What concrete is used for layers of panels for various purposes?

• In single-layer products can be used lightweight concrete brands M50 - M150 and cellular autoclaved concrete brands M25 - M100.

Pay attention: cellular concrete does not tolerate shock loads. For small technological holes, the ideal solution is diamond drilling of holes in concrete. It, like cutting of reinforced concrete with diamond circles, will leave ideally smooth edges and will not subject the structure to the risk of cracking.

• For the bearing layer of two-layer continuous panels can be used heavy concrete grades M150 and above or lightweight (starting from M100). The heat-insulating layer is made of large-pore lightweight concrete M35 - M75.
• The outer and inner layers of continuous three-layer panels are made of heavy (M150 and above) and light (M100 and above) concrete. The connections between these layers require mandatory reinforcement and are made of lightweight (from grade M75) or heavy (from M150) concrete.
• The inner layer of a two-layer product with a screen (a dense protective layer facing the street, separated by an air gap) is formed from light or cellular concrete. In the first case, the mark M50 and higher is used; in the second - M25 and higher. For the manufacture of the screen, heavy (from M150) and light (from M75) concrete are used.
• For three-layered panels with screen requirements are somewhat stricter: for the inner layer - heavy (М150 and higher) or light (from M100 for carriers and from M75 for non-bearing panels); for the screen - heavy (from M150) or light (from M75) concrete.

Surface

The type of surfaces (external and internal) may also vary depending on the wishes of the construction organization. Categories of surfaces are denoted by the letter A and the number from 2 to 7:

Любопытно: в общем случае панели с поверхностями типа A6 не применяются в жилищном строительстве. Однако стиль лофт перевернул старые представления о дизайне с ног на голову: грубая поверхность необработанного бетона не только используется, но даже имитируется другими материалами.

Marking

It is applied with a marker or stamped on the non-facing vertical end of the product.

Please note: in addition, the panel may contain instructions regarding slinging locations during loading operations.

The marking consists of three alphanumeric groups.

They describe accordingly:

1. The type and dimensions of the product.
2. Тип и марку бетона. Для многослойных панелей указываются характеристики несущего слоя. Буква «Т» обозначает тяжелый бетон, «Л» - легкий, «Я» - ячеистый.
3. Особые характеристики или предназначенность для особых эксплуатационных условий. Так, буква «С» обозначает повышенную сейсмостойкость (свыше 7 баллов), буква «М» - морозостойкость, устойчивость к пониженным (от -40 и ниже) температурам.

As an example, let us examine the designation of a product of the 3H type, size 2990 x 2865 x 350 mm, with a base layer of heavy concrete M200.

The panel is resistant to frost over -40C and is designed for seismic areas.

1. В первой группе будут присутствовать тип и размеры, указанные в дециметрах для длины, высоты и в сантиметрах для толщины: 3ns30.29.35.
2. The type and brand of the carrier layer will be indicated by the group 200T.
3. Seismic and frost resistance will be reflected in the name of the letters CM.

As a result, the product labeling will take the form 3S30.29.35-200T-CM.

Accompanying documents

The instructions for completing the documents accompanying the batch of wall panels are not contained in the text of the standard; however, the list is mandatory for all products manufactured according to its requirements.

So, in the accompanying documents are indicated:

• Name and address of the manufacturer.
• Date of issue of the certificate of quality and its number.

• Lot number of the item.
• A complete list of brands of designs in the party, indicating the number of products of each type.
• Date of manufacture of products.
• Mark the strength of concrete and its class.
• Нормативный документ (в общем случае - GOST 11024-84, реже - согласованные с заказчиком ТУ).

Please note: in multi-layered panels, the class and grade of concrete strength are indicated for each layer.

Transportation, loading

Panels are transported by specially equipped vehicles in an upright position. For multilayer products is another requirement: the supports are located on the side of the carrier layer. The price of non-compliance with the requirements for transportation is a high probability of unloading a batch of damaged ones: shaking during transportation, together with a huge mass of products, is quite capable of damaging them.

Between the panels are laid with wooden pads with a thickness of not less than 3 cm. Storage takes place in the same conditions: vertical or inclined position, wooden pads.

For loading and unloading, mounting loops are commonly used. Understandably, the unloading is not done by hand (several tons of mass, remember?), But with the assistance of lifting equipment.

Recommendations for the design of insulated polystyrene foam panels

Since these products are manufactured to the same standards as all the others, we will study only the key points of the document.

Insulation is located between two layers of reinforced concrete (heavy or light). Cellular types of concrete in this case do not apply: their main function is assumed by insulation for concrete products.

The outer and inner layers can be connected with reinforced concrete dowels or flexible joints made of corrosion-resistant material (fiberglass reinforcement or rust-resistant steel).

The front side of the product is equipped with a protective and decorative layer.

The list of solutions proposed by the document is quite common:

1. Tiled lining (tiles or tiles from decorative concrete).

1. A layer of decorative plaster.
2. Facade paint.

The panels are designed for residential, industrial and public buildings up to 75 meters high, which corresponds to 20-25 floors (depending on the height of the ceilings).

Products in which the outer and inner strong layers are connected by flexible bridges are more seismic resistant (up to 9 points), but less heat resistant (from -60 to + 45 ° C against the range of -60 - +75 for panels with rigid reinforced concrete keys).

Marking несколько отличается от предусмотренной изученным ранее документом. Тип панели содержит указание на тип связей между прочными слоями (ж - жесткие, г - гибкие) и на возможность использовать ее в качестве несущей (несущие изделия обозначаются литерой Н).

Thus, the product ZNTSNg - a three-layer basement panel that can perform the function of the carrier and is connected by flexible connections.

Conclusion

We hope that countless tables and titles did not satisfy the reader’s curiosity. As usual, the video in this article will offer him additional subject information. Successes in construction!