Types of concrete mixers: the principle of operation of
If you decide to start a small construction, you can do with a solution tank and shovel. Another thing, when it is supposed to build farm buildings or a residential house. In this case, you can not do without a concrete mixer, which will greatly facilitate the process.
General knowledge
Its design is quite simple - a barrel with blades welded inside, through which the solution flows during mixing, and a gear motor or a belt drive engine. In contrast, mortar mixers do not have them, and in classic concrete mixers, the outer casing remains in place, and all work is done by blades inside it.
Equipment volumes vary, for example, the minimum for a private residence is 0.25 m.3whose price is small. Industrial designs are different equipment and accessories. We will talk about them in this article.
Types
By the type of work concrete mixers can be divided into:
| Continuous | In this case, a complete set of technological processes is implied, among which are: · loading of ingredients; · mixing; · unloading from the device. For this, the devices are equipped with the necessary production and control equipment. They are also used in the case when it is necessary to prepare a concrete solution in large volumes, for example, for the base of the roadway. 2. Use equipment and for the production of hard concrete. Such concrete mixers are divided into: · Gravitational, when the drum rotates on a roller mechanism, and the mixture is extracted by a special tray for concrete products; · With forced mixing - mixing of the ingredients of the concrete solution occurs due to the blades rotating inside the case, while the case itself remains stationary. |
| Cyclic | This equipment allows you to get ready-made concrete portions, after the end of the next process cycle. Its main characteristic is the volume of the concrete solution per hour of cyclical work. Most often they are used in pouring structures where the mixture is supplied in small batches. The work proceeds as follows: · loading the components; · mixing them; · unloading. Then a new cycle begins. Ingredients can be served with your own hands or using dispensers. In the latter case, use a special electronic equipment. Ingredients are measured using a computer for the given parameters. Если же загрузка производится оператором, он обязан отслеживать правильность процентного соотношения компонентов в готовой бетонной смеси. Cyclic бетоносмесители по принципу действия делят на: · Planetary; · Gravitational; · Forced. |
Gravitational
- In such mixers use the principle of gravity. Their design consists of:
- receiver for components;
- drum with blades;
- output tray to extract the finished mixture.
- Ingredients are mixed horizontally or tilted.
- The rotation of the drum carries an electric or diesel engine. The blades located in it pick up the components, and due to the force of gravity they fall down, which ensures their normal mixing.
- Install the drum on a fixed frame, and turns are carried out due to the roller mechanism. The speed is calculated taking into account the extra centrifugal forces arising in the process, since they can spoil the quality of the solution and even damage the details of the mechanism.
Tip: in such equipment usually prepare a mixture of no more than 1 m3.
Designed mobile installations without problems can be moved to the desired area of work. Mobile concrete mixer (mixer truck) is also referred to this type.
Forced
Horizontal
They are characterized by a horizontal arrangement of the shafts, and the mixing of the ingredients takes place with paddles. The components are loaded into the drum, and then they begin to rotate, mixing them until a homogeneous mass.
In this design there are many advantages over previous devices, for example, in the quality of the finished mixture. By the way, concretes in which a large number of various additives are provided are obtained only in such concrete mixers.
The design has undergone changes and presents a trough with bearings in the ends. They allow you to hold the horizontal shafts on which the blades are attached.
Tip: forced concrete mixers are used to work with small and homogeneous ingredients, they are not suitable for large components.
Vertical
- In this case, the shafts are located vertically in a fixed cylindrical body.
- It is loaded from above and unloaded from below..
- In the cylindrical case there is a selective cylinder protecting the container from preventing the mixture from accumulating at the edges. Inside it has 4 racks with blades.
- The blades are divided into selective and mixing.
- The racks can have different lengths, due to which the mixture, with stirring, falls from one blade to the adjacent. Thus, it is possible to obtain a homogeneity of the mixture and its high quality.
- The discharging point is much higher than that of concrete mixers with horizontal shafts..
The reliability of this equipment is much higher than the previous version. Therefore, it is the most popular in industrial mortar and cement sites and factories. The only drawback - to work requires a powerful power source.
Planetary
These devices in their design also apply to forced concrete mixers. The mixing of the concrete solution is carried out due to the rotation of the mechanism with blades. The equipment is characterized by the use of new technologies that allow to achieve the necessary final results.
The name of the device received thanks to the planetary gear in the design. It consists of several planetary gears that rotate around the main central gear.
For operation, an electric motor is used, which transmits the rotational moment to the central sprocket, which subsequently rotates the mixing blades. This scheme eliminates the formation of "dead zones" and improves the quality and speed of concrete preparation.
Odnovalnye
The device consists of a frame with a fixed tank mixing chamber. On the latter is a mixing shaft, and on it - mixing blades. In the process of their rotation, 2 spatial helixes are formed, which move towards. In this case, the blades overlap each other and protect the space from possible "dead zones".
Thanks to the side scrapers, it is possible to automatically clean the side surfaces of the apparatus. The number of blades directly depends on the class and cost of the single-shaft concrete mixer.
The advantage of the device is that it can guarantee high-quality mixing of components in the shortest possible time. But, according to this indicator, the planetary and two-shaft concrete mixer is superior.
The equipment is different:
- simple scheme;
- неприхотливостью;
- high reliability;
- maintainability.
The electrical circuit, which consists of protection and start-up of the motor, can be repaired even by a non-professional.
Two-shaft
They belong to the mechanisms of the forced type and are characterized by continuous action. Convenient and reliable devices make it possible to prepare high-quality concrete mortars in large volumes and of any complexity.
The body is made of high-strength cast iron, reliably protected from vibrations and wear. The equipment allows you to replace moving parts right in the process.
The device is equipped with a valve nodal connection, allowing to extend the period of operation of the device nodes. Sensors make it possible to regulate the flow of oil in the automatic mode, because of which its consumption is reduced.
The instruction provides for the supply of components of the concrete mix with special dispensers placed in the upper part of the device. There are 2 shafts in the mixing drum, each of which has 5 vanes. As the shafts rotate, the mixture moves in a horizontal and vertical plane.
Tip: twin-shaft mixing equipment is ideal for the production of building mixtures and the manufacture of ready-mixed concrete. With their help, it is possible to create high-strength reinforced concrete structures.
Conclusion
It is difficult to imagine construction work without concrete. It is used for foundations, walls, floors and floors.
To prepare it, it is necessary to mix the ingredients correctly and qualitatively, not manually, but in special concrete mixers. On the types of the latter and was devoted to this article. The video in this article will help you find additional information on this topic.