The device of a well of concrete rings: features and stages

Building a well from concrete rings with your own hands is a common practice, because this method is considered the simplest and safest. Modern concrete products allow us to speed up and simplify many processes, and the construction of wells is no exception. We will tell how to build a well from concrete rings on your site.

Well of reinforced concrete rings

Features of the device wells

Before proceeding with the construction, we should repeat the theoretical foundations. First of all, we will consider the device of a drinking well from concrete rings.

This hydraulic structure serves to collect, accumulate and store drinking water located in aquifers of the soil. In order to reach the aquifer with potable water, it is necessary to dive into the ground to a depth of from several to several tens of meters, depending on the geological features of the area.

In other words, we need to dig up the ground to a considerable depth, organize a system to filter water from impurities, clay, dust particles, soil and other contaminants, and also build a reservoir for the accumulation and storage of purified liquid. In addition, it is necessary to ensure the stability of the dug pit, that is, to secure it from landslides and landslides of the soil.

Finally, we need to protect our reservoir from precipitation, sewage, various water emissions from industries that are unsuitable for drinking aquifers, as well as sewage.

All these goals can be achieved by constructing a fairly simple structure, which consists of three main parts:

1. Wellhead. This is the above-ground upper part of the structure, which serves to facilitate the lifting of water from the depth, as well as to protect the estuary from the ingress of sediments and wastewater. It contains a lifting gate, a roof or a shed, a blind area, a clay castle and various amenities - benches, tables, shutters, spare buckets;
2. Mine shaft. This is the underground space between the tip and the bottom part, where water accumulates, through which water is lifted and transported to the consumer. It consists of a casing, which protects the mine from landslides, and also does not allow undesirable fluid to penetrate and pollute the supply of drinking water;
3. Water receiving part. This is the same reservoir where water accumulates and is stored, as well as its filtration and sedimentation takes place. It consists of the lower part of the casing, bottom filter, sometimes it has an additional sump to increase the stock.

Note! All three parts of the design are equally indispensable, so they are built with special responsibility and care. The quality of drinking water, and therefore your health, will depend on the level of work performed and materials used.

The cap is usually decorated with wood, stone, plaster and other materials. Above the mouth, a canopy is installed in the form of a hip, four-sided or conventional roof on racks to which a cylindrical gate with a handle is mounted. A clay castle and a blind area for diverting rainwater are made around the outer wall of the tip.

The barrel of a well shaft is necessarily strengthened with a structure called a casing. This is a vertical construction of a cylindrical or rectangular shape, which does not allow the walls of the trunk to fall or fall down, and also blocks unwanted aquifers. For the construction of the casing used log houses, bricks, stone, solid concrete, reinforced concrete rings for the well and other materials.

The water intake part is one or several lower rings or the lower part of the casing, which is below the maximum static water level and serves to receive and store moisture coming from the ground. Be sure to have a filter in the form of a layer of sand and gravel on the bottom or in the form of perforations in the walls of the casing structure.

The intake part is of three types:

1. The imperfect (incomplete) is the simplest design, in which the casing does not reach the impermeable underlying formation, and the water enters the reservoir from below. Differs in a smaller amount of water reserves, but for one family with a subsidiary farm of this volume, as a rule, there is enough;
2. The perfect (complete) is a more complex design in which the casing rests against a waterproof formation. Here, the volume of the storage part is increased, and water flows through the walls of the column, in which perforation is performed for these purposes. Installation complicates diamond drilling of holes in concrete and the need to delve into the aquifer;
3. Perfect with a sump. It differs from the previous one by the presence of a depression in waterproof rock by 1 - 1.5 meters to increase the volume of stored water. This is the most difficult type of water intake part of the well, as it involves the development of solid rock, the passage of the aquifer, and is used in cases of increased intensity of water intake and consumption.

Note! For household and ordinary household needs of one family of 4 to 5 people is a rather imperfect well without sump and depressions; moreover, this kind of structure is simpler in execution and better suited for making it yourself.

Selection of materials

For the construction of a drinking well, it is necessary to select high-quality materials for the casing of the shaft. We need concrete goods of hydraulic engineering or high-quality concrete with a high bulk density, in other words, heavy-duty concrete.

As a rule, wall rings made according to GOST 8020-90 correspond to such requirements. The most convenient and acceptable in terms of the size and weight of the product with the marking COP 10-9, where the letters denote the abbreviation of the word "wall ring", and the numbers denote the dimensions of the part in decimeters, the first number indicating the internal diameter of the ring, and the second - height.

The wall thickness of the COP 10-9 is 160 mm, and the volume is approximately equal to 700 liters. The ends of the product can be smooth, and may have a lock in the form of a flange. Also at the ends there are mounting rings for which you can lift and move the product.

Note! The price of rings with locks is somewhat higher, while there are different opinions about their need and benefits: some experts doubt the ability of such a lock to withstand the multi-ton load arising from heaving or displacement of the soil.

It should also be borne in mind that low-quality locks complicate installation, it may be necessary to cut reinforced concrete with diamond circles and other processing of non-conforming parts.

Well construction

For those who want to build a well independently, we have compiled a step-by-step instruction:

1. At the selected location, they dig a round hole 1.5 meters deep and 1.3–1.5 meters in diameter. The bottom of the pit is leveled and cleaned from the ground;

1. A tripod with a lifting hoist or a winch is installed above the pit, to the end of which hang ropes with four hooks;

1. The ring is rolled to the edge of the pit and hooked to the hooks by the mounting rings, raised and lowered to the bottom. It is advisable to set it level horizontally. The second ring is immediately put on it, having missed the end of the cement mortar;

1. One worker descends to the bottom and begins to undermine the soil under the lower end of the lower ring, collecting it in a bucket. The assistant raises the buckets and pours out the ground, gives the tool for the development of the soil - scrap, pickaxe, pick, etc .;

1. When the rings have dropped below ground level, they roll the next part and install it on the column;

1. When the column is lowered so that the water began to flow actively, the hose is lowered to the bottom and the water is pumped out with a surface pump, while continuing to dig. It is necessary to delve into the aquifer at least one meter - one and a half;

1. Then a layer of waterproof clay is poured at the bottom, tamped with it, and the joints are started to be coated with cement mortar with the addition of liquid glass or other sealant for concrete surfaces. The rings are joined with steel staples or plates coated with anti-corrosion paint;

1. After the hardening of the seams, the clay is dug out, and a wooden shield is laid on the bottom with a multitude of gaps, on which washed sand and gravel are laid with a layer of 30-40 cm

1. When water is drawn to a static level, it is pumped out until it is clear and clean;

1. At the end, a canopy is built, the head is finished and a lifting mechanism is constructed. A clay castle is made around the aerial part. The blind area can be built only after complete shrinkage of the soil - in 2 - 3 years.

Note! Observe safety precautions, do not work alone, use a helmet, goggles and gloves, monitor the level of gas in the mine with a candle or an analyzer. When working at the bottom of the ladder should be lowered.

Conclusion

For the construction of a drinking well, it is advisable to use concrete rings, since this technology is the safest and simplest in execution. For a better understanding of technology, see the video in this article and read the materials on our website.