Sewage of concrete rings: the choice of location, size.

The subject of this article is overflow of concrete rings. We have to find the optimal place for the site for its construction, determine its size and get acquainted with the solutions of technical problems possible during the construction. We begin, however, with a general description of the principle of local sewage.

Allow submit: septic tank

Prerequisites

How is sewage disposed of in the absence of a centralized sewer system?

The traditional and most obvious solution is a sump. Drains simply merge into a concrete and plastic container; periodically (once in 1 - 4 weeks) a sewage recovery vehicle arrives and pumps out the contents.

It is curious: waste disposal, therefore, is significantly more expensive than pure drinking water of the corresponding volume. The author will bring up the actual prices for his region: 6 cubic meters of drinking water cost 132 rubles; removal of stock of the same volume - about 1500.

Quite often cesspools are built with perforated bottom and walls or even without bottom.

Yes, in this case, the problem of excreta disposal is solved; however, the solution has a couple of serious flaws.

1. Soil in places of perforation of the walls with time inevitably silt. It will take several years - and the absorption capacity of the soil will fall sharply.
2. What is even more serious, pollution of groundwater (including untreated sewage) is classified by the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation as a criminal offense and even in the absence of serious consequences is punishable by a fine of up to 80,000 rubles.

And now let's think about what the domestic sewage consists of. 98 - 99 percent of their volume is water. The solid fractions (feces, food waste, paper, etc.) make up a very small fraction.

And what if to carry out separation on the spot? Purified water can be poured into a pit dug in the ground, and solid waste will have to be removed from the tank - the separator is not once a week, but annually, and even less often.

Concept приводит нас к идее септика - пресловутого сепаратора стоков. Бетонные кольца послужат конструктором для его сооружения: они долговечны, их цена невелика, а материал исключительно прочен. Благодаря прочности канализация в частном доме из бетонных колец сможет противостоять давлению грунта и морозному пучению при заморозках.

Concept

What does a sewer system of concrete rings look like?

Two pits of them are constructed wells. One of them is supplied with a bottom and is sealed; the second, on the contrary, is devoid of bottom and is installed on a thick bedding made of crushed stone for concrete. The first is called the sump, the second - the filter well.

A sewer is put in the sump; then both containers are connected by a pipe - overflow. The covers are placed on top; optional ventilation can be arranged.

It is useful: contrary to numerous assurances, it is not necessary to do ventilation in the lid of each compartment of the septic tank. To rid the house of odors, it is enough to remove one pipe from the top of the house sewer system, lift it above the roof and provide a deflector. In cold regions, its thermal insulation does not hurt.

How does the described sewage pattern of concrete rings work?

1. Drains enter the first tank and settle in it.. The volume of the sump is selected so that the wastewater is spent in the separator for at least three days. During this time, mechanical separation occurs: light fractions float; heavy - settle to the bottom, over time due to the vital activity of bacteria forming sludge.
2. Overflowing a particular shape takes purified water below the surface level.; from there it flows by gravity into the second tank - the filter well.
3. There, the treated wastewaters finish their way, being absorbed by the soil..

Planning

Construction begins with planning. We have to decide on the location of the future septic tank on the site and its size.

Location

It is governed by minimum distances that must separate the filter well from other objects.

Country sewage can be built in any convenient place, even if there is a well nearby - provided that water is used only for irrigation.

Dimensions

What are the minimum sizes of the sump and filter well?

For the sump, as we have already found out, the volume must be at least three days long.

Reference: the average person consumes 200 liters of water per day. Adjustment of the cisterns and mixer head can cut consumption by half.

For a filtering well, the limiting factor is not the volume, but the area of ​​the absorbing surface of the soil walls. How to calculate it?

At the beginning - some reference data. Absorbency of the soil depends on its type.

For a family of 4 people, the well must absorb at least 800 liters per day. For sandy loam soil, an absorbing surface of 800/50 = 16 m2 is required; for a square pit, this means a side of 1.8 meters at the same depth below the overflow level.

Tip: in practice, at least one and a half times reserve is made - an amendment to the gradual silting of the soil and salvo discharges.

Working moments

Allow yourself to give the reader a number of tips on the actual construction.

• Sewerage in the country of concrete rings of small diameter can be built without the involvement of technology. The concrete ring for the well fits into a horizontal position and digs up from the inside until it reaches the full height. Then the next ring is installed on top with the help of rollers and scrap, after which the excavation work continues. After the edge of the upper ring has dropped below the ground level, the bottom of the sedimentation tank is concreted.
• In the filter well, the rings, as we have already mentioned, are placed on a thick bed of gravel; he backfill. The instruction is connected with the need to provide water with access to the maximum area of ​​the earth walls. If the rings are installed with your own hands, without a crane, instead of bedding, perforation of the walls is performed, which performs the same function.
• In order to make holes for overflow, usually use a punch or a hammer with a chisel. However, the best tool for this is a diamond crown: it will make the edges of the holes perfectly smooth and will avoid chipping.

In addition: diamond drilling of holes in concrete and cutting of reinforced concrete with diamond circles allow steel reinforcement to pass without a tool change.

• Sewer and overflow are stacked with a constant slope of 2 cm per linear meter.
• Overflow from the sump is supplied with a vertically oriented sewer tee. The lower outlet will not allow the crust to get into the pipe from the surface; The top one is useful for cleaning when clogged.

• The seams between the rings are sealed with a cement-sand mortar with the addition of liquid glass.

Conclusion

We hope that the recommendations offered to the reader will allow him to avoid some mistakes in the construction process. The video in this article, as usual, contains additional material. Successes!