Reinforced concrete panels for walls - a complete overview

Wall exterior concrete and reinforced concrete panels are widely used in the construction of houses, as well as industrial and public facilities. Their appearance, more than 50 years ago, was a real breakthrough in construction and made it possible to shorten the construction of buildings several times.

Types of reinforced concrete panels

Reinforced concrete is a monolith of steel bars and concrete. The interaction of these materials is very effective. Concrete stone reliably engages with metal, well protecting it from rusting. These components complement each other in resistance to different loads.

The resulting structures have significant strength, and only a high-tech tool can help in their processing. Recently, diamond drilling of holes in concrete has become popular.

Note! The volume of concrete products, mainly, is occupied by cheap raw materials - gravel, crushed stone, sand. Therefore, their price is relatively small.

What kinds of them exist

Reinforced concrete products are divided into:

• strained pre-wares;
• analogues reinforced by the usual method.

By density (specific weight) and concrete grade:

• super heavy concrete panels, their density is from 2.5 t / m ?;
• heavy analogues, with a density of 1.8 / 2.5 t / m ?;
• lungs, their specific weight is up to 1.8 t / m ?;
• ultralight products, their density is 0.7 t / m ?.

By their structure, reinforced concrete wall panels are divided into:

• monolithic;
• hollow;
• produced from one type of solution;
• made from different types of mixture.

ZHBI can intend:

• for residential and public buildings;
• for production facilities;
• for engineering structures.

Production methods

The production of panels is carried out at the factories of concrete products by various methods.

1. Stand technology is designed for the manufacture of large-sized products.. The solution is poured into fixed forms. Special units: concrete handlers and vibrators, in turn approach the stands and produce technological steps.
2. The cassette method is a modification of the previous method.. The panels are made in fixed cassettes, which consist of several steel compartments. The frame is made of reinforcement, then it is filled with concrete. Heat treatment is made contact, through the walls of the cassettes.

After warming up, the walls of the forms are removed, and the panels are removed by an overhead crane. This method produces flat products: wall structures and analogues for floors.

1. When the flow-modular technology forms for products are moved along the chain from one mechanism to the next. Wet and heat treatment is carried out continuously.
2. In the case of vibro-rolling, the entire production cycle takes place on a single installation of the flow principle of operation. (vibratory rolling mill). It is a conveyor consisting of rubber protected steel.

His tape moves on technological posts. On them occurs: the installation of the frame of reinforcement, pouring concrete, its compaction with vibration and heat treatment. The instruction recommends in such a way to produce panels of partitions and ceilings, as well as external wall slabs of lightweight concrete.

Technical requirements

State standards set the strictest requirements on wall tiles.

1. Accuracy of the standard sizes, and also a geometrical form.
2. The optimal design of compounds and nodes.
3. The exact location of the mortgage.
4. Conformity of a standard size and weight of concrete goods to possibilities of transport and load-lifting cars.

Note! A house of reinforced concrete panels should be constructed of products whose dimensions lie within the limits of deviations and tolerances. They are determined by GOST No. 130 / 15.4 / 84.

1. The size of the mortgages in them must comply with the standard values, the error should not exceed 0.5 cm.
2. Acceptable axial displacement of mortgages is not more than 1 cm.
3. These elements should be flush with the plane of the panels or above it - no more than 0.3 cm.

More about wall plates

Large wallboards have been designed to accelerate the pace of construction. For example, a cottage of reinforced concrete panels can be built in just 2 weeks.

Dostoinstva ŽBI

The popularity of reinforced concrete panels in mass construction, apart from high rates of work, is explicable by their other advantages:

• high strength;
• good bearing capacity;
• acceptable level of thermal insulation;
• 100% fire resistant;
• resistance to temperature extremes;
• durability of operation.

Types of panel construction

Panel construction can be frame and frameless.

It depends on which wall plates are used: enclosing and carrying or just enclosing.

1. In buildings with a frameless type, the load of the floors is carried by the wall panels themselves.
2. In the frame analogs, carrier functions are performed by frames. Wall plates are used for zoning, fencing, sound and heat insulation.

Plants produce panels for both external and internal walls.

1. The external slabs are structured into three categories: single-layer, made from cellular or lightweight concrete and consisting of two, three layers. The latter are made of heavy types of concrete and heat insulator.
2. Outside the structures are covered with facade ceramic tiles, decorative mortar, weather-resistant paints, etc. The inner side of the plates is trimmed and prepared for decoration.
3. The height of the wall reinforced concrete panels is equal to the height of one floor. Their width extends to 1/2 rooms (300/720 cm), the thickness can be 20/50 cm. The dimensions of the reinforced concrete wall panels for partitions correspond to the dimensions of the rooms. Their thickness is 3/16 cm.

Wall slab classification

There are different divisions of panels into categories, based on the principle underlying: typical features, purpose, structure, composition of the material.

Slab construction

Produced panels are divided into monolithic and composite analogues.

In turn, layered products can be solid or have a layer of air.

1. Single-layer counterparts are made of homogeneous concrete with low thermal conductivity. The thickness of their outer part is 2/4 cm. Inside, the slab is decorated with veneer.
2. Double-layer plates have a solid structure. Their bearing layer is made of reinforced concrete mortar. This is the inside of the panel, which additionally plays the role of a vapor barrier. The external heat-shielding layer is covered with cement-sand mortar.
3. Reinforced concrete sandwich panels are made of two plates, interconnected by a welded frame made of reinforcement. Between them laid insulation.

By bearing capacity wall plates are divided into:

• self-supporting products;
• bearing analogues.
• hinged panels.

Panels for partitions

1. These large plates have a floor height and a length of up to 600 cm. They are intended for the construction of prefabricated buildings.

Note! For the production of partition panels should be used with high strength ordinary or gypsum concrete. The material must have good water resistance and frost resistance.

1. Such plates are reinforced with iron wire mesh or rods of thermally and mechanically resistant steel, class A / III, AT / IIIC. All steel parts of the product must be coated with anti-corrosion primer.

Single-layer plates

1. For the production of single-layer wall panels used concrete, having a homogeneous structure and a high level of insulation. Most often it is a light (cellular) material.
2. The outer side of the plates is covered with a cladding layer, 2/4 cm thick, to protect them from weathering.
3. Various plaster, tiles, etc., are used as interior finish.

Double-layer panels

1. The two-layer type of plates, as a rule, has a solid structure. The first bearing layer is made of dense reinforced concrete. The other layer is heat insulating.
2. It is located on the outside and covered with cement-sand mortar.
3. The bearing layer is located inside the premises and at the same time serves as a vapor barrier.

Three-layer product type

Most of all, reinforced concrete sandwich wall panels are in demand now.

1. The basis of the three-layer slab is the outer bearing side, the inner panel is attached to it by reinforcement. Due to the gap between them, the heat loss in the structure decreases.
2. Mineral wool, cement-based fibrolite, foam silicate, polyurethane can serve as a heat insulator in such products.
3. Three-layer plates have typical sizes and vary in their thickness. It is elected by the designers, based on the climate conditions of the area and the thermal parameters of the building.
4. This type of panels is made from light but durable concrete mix or heavy types of concrete having a class not lower than B-12.5.
5. Reinforced products welded nets or bulk steel frames. All metal parts of the plates are protected with anti-corrosion primers.
6. The characteristics of three-layer wall panels are determined by the norms of GOST No. 3110/2005 and GOST No. 13015/2003.
7. If it is necessary to process the plates during their installation, the reinforced concrete is cut with diamond circles.

Sizes of products

1. The main criterion for choosing wall slabs with your own hands is their size. They must be specified in the building design, taking into account its design schemes and floor plans.
2. Dimensions and thickness, size and number of openings, technical characteristics of the panels are determined on the basis of the project.
3. Typical sizes of slabs for residential buildings: the height is one floor, the width is one to two rooms. External panels have door and window openings. The plates for partitions are solid or have doorways.
4. Panels for industrial facilities have a length of 6 meters, 9 and 12.

Note! The thickness of wall tiles should be selected based on the climate conditions in your area. Also of great importance are the thermal quality of the used building materials. Manufacturers produce products having a thickness of 20/50 centimeters

Product labeling

Panels are marked with letters and numbers through the dash.

1. The first group indicates the type of plate and its dimensions: length, height (in decimeters), thickness (in centimeters).
2. The following fragment determines the class and type of concrete: L - light, T - heavy, I - cellular.
3. The third part reports on additional product quality.

For example:

• seismic resistance is more than 7 points - C;
• frost resistance below -40 degrees - M;
• permeability: especially low - Oh, low - P, normal - N.

This brand group includes indications of the design properties of products:

• their form;
• end configuration;
• the type and location of openings, if any;
• the form of strobe (if present) in the adjacencies of adjacent elements;
• type and location of rebar and mortgage outlets;
• the presence of reinforcing structures to reduce the load, due to the uneven deformation of the foundation.

Let us give an example of marking: ПСТ 598-300-20.

• PST - three-layer wall panel;

598 cm - its length;

300 cm - its height;

20 cm - its width.

Conclusion

Reinforced concrete panels of fences, walls and ceilings are an integral part of modern mass construction. The use of new technologies, materials and design solutions in their manufacture makes it possible to optimize the construction of buildings.

If you get acquainted with the video in this article, you will get a lot of useful information.