Reinforced concrete frame: types, improving the efficiency

The technology of construction of reinforced concrete frame houses is rarely used for low-rise buildings. She proved to be most effective in the design and construction of high-rise buildings. At the same time, the reinforced concrete frame of a private house of a small number of floors will cause a sharp rise in the cost of construction.

The frame of reinforced concrete has several significant advantages:

1. Duration of operation and excellent bearing characteristicsthat can be considered one of the main advantages.
2. Increased span length compared with prefabricated structures - up to 6 m. This is another argument in the impracticality of using reinforced concrete in the construction of low-rise buildings.

Tip: if you need to make various aisles for communication in the material, use diamond drilling holes in concrete.

The composition of reinforced concrete

He earned the title of the main constructive material of modernity due to the optimal combination of components - reinforcement and reinforced concrete:

1. According to GOST 7473-94, concrete is the artificial material of a rocky form. Its production consists in the correct selection of a combination of binding components, water and various additives that increase its strength and properties of concrete. Next comes the hardening of the concrete mix and the birth of the material itself.
2. The basis for the production of steel reinforcement in accordance with GOST 10884-81 is low alloy steel. It is produced by hot-rolled method, giving it a corrugation in order to improve the contact with the concrete.

The combination of these two components is not accidental, they complement each other well. Adhered to the concrete, the reinforcement prevents it from crumbling and breaking when bending or stretching structures.

The aforementioned qualities, as well as the resistance of reinforced concrete to the stresses to which a building is subjected, allow the material to be applied at all stages of construction - from foundations to the roof.

Tip: for dismantling concrete products, cutting reinforced concrete with diamond circles is best recommended.

Types of reinforced concrete frames

In the construction industry there are two types:

1. Prefabricated, which are made from individual elements in the factory. They consist of:

• crossbars;
• columns;
• foundations of stairways.

Finished elements are delivered to the construction site for subsequent installation. The disadvantage is obvious — the restriction on the choice of forms due to the standards of parts set by the enterprise.

1. Monolithic, they are built at the construction site using ready-mixed concrete of a certain brand. They are made and cast on an individual project, with an emphasis on the selected forms. This type of frame is extremely popular among developers for a number of advantages:

• There are no restrictions on the configuration and location of the building elements;
• able to take any, even the most incredible architectural forms;
• to withstand any height and load.

For the production of monolithic reinforced concrete frame with removable slabs used removable formwork. The instruction assumes its installation before the start of work, the field of which is filled with concrete. As a result, the speed of the process increases significantly, which allows you to complete construction in the shortest possible time.

The material of the external walls is of no importance for the framework, they can be:

• brick;
• mounted;
• foam concrete.

Monolith-based buildings fit perfectly into the architecture and landscape features of the area.

Tip: thanks to the flexibility of design, apartment owners can afford unusual planning solutions.

The ambient temperature has an effect on the forces occurring in the structures. To limit this impact, the building is cut into compartments, and the length of the temperature block of the reinforced concrete frame and its other dimensions depend on the material of the frame, the climatic conditions of the construction region and the thermal regime of the structure. Usually the parameters are determined by calculation.

Positive sides of a monolithic frame

1. This option involves the distribution of loads between the components of the frame in order to save consumables during the construction of objects. For this are responsible rigid parts that redistribute the load from the columns in favor of beams and floors.
2. Any unconventional section of the columns - the main bearing elements of the building, naturally looks in the layout of the building.
3. When creating fencing barriers and walls with their own hands, preference is given to materials with high levels of thermal insulation. Today such are single-layer blocks of cellular concrete. (See also the article Concrete compaction: features.)

A slight deformation of the reinforced concrete frame occurs due to the failure under the carrier column. It arises due to the interaction of the monolithic frame with the basement slab. The failure is envisaged by the project in order to reduce the cost of materials during the construction of the building.

But most of all, the solid w / b carcass is valued for its resistance to technological catastrophes. The rigid base will withstand a powerful explosion that caused the destruction of the outer walls.

Multi-storey housing based on it is offered in all price categories - from budget to luxury. Practice has proven that consumer properties of a high-rise building of this type are much higher compared to panel and brick versions.

Improving the efficiency of monolithic frame housing

Despite the high technological performance and safety quality, builders are in constant search to improve the properties of monolithic frames, the effectiveness of their use and reduce the cost of materials. One of these methods is to increase the grade of concrete used. At the expense of it the expense of expensive steel fittings decreases and there is a reduction of the construction budget.

The greatest efficiency is achieved when reinforcing concrete by 3% or more.

Monolithic frame is optimized by:

• section of elements from cans;
• brands;
• the degree of reinforcement used concrete.

Another method, also used in monolithic-frame construction, is to deepen the box of the building into the ground to a depth of two floors. Underground and basement parts, including external walls, are made in a monolithic form. Thus, the rigidity of the building is increased due to the transfer of loads from the building to a more dense structure of reservoir soils.

Unfortunately, the cost of building a low-rise home for a family using this technology is still inaccessible to most citizens. Significant cost items are expensive formwork systems and rental equipment for the delivery of concrete mix and concrete production.

For such purposes, the use of prefabricated structures, which are much cheaper, is recommended. Yes, and the load on the building with a height of 2-3 floors is much lower and the use of a monolithic frame in this case becomes irrational due to the low efficiency of its use.

Conclusion

From the article it became clear that the frame construction is characterized by two types - precast reinforced concrete frame and monolithic. They differ in the way of installation on the construction site - the first is made at the factory and is assembled at the facility, the second is directly at the work site.

The use of a reinforced concrete frame makes it possible to create reliable open-plan buildings. The video in this article will help you find additional information on this topic.