Reinforced concrete foundation: the main types and
Reinforced concrete foundation is often chosen as the basis for the construction of massive and multi-storey buildings. This choice is made thanks to the maximum carrying parameters of this type of building elements.
That is why the base of reinforced concrete is elected in the construction of buildings and structures from high-density building materials, such as:
- Brick;
- A rock;
- Concrete.
Types of reinforced concrete foundations
The bases for construction created from reinforced concrete are of the following types:
- Reinforced Concrete Foundation consists of ready-made concrete blocks that are stacked on a tape base and tightly joined;
- Reinforced concrete monolithic foundation is a solution poured into reinforced formwork, which is the tape base or plate.
Concrete strip foundations
The device of base reinforced concrete flat plates is the process occupying much less time, than construction of a jellied product. But to implement the assembly of such an element will require the help of lifting equipment, which is not always convenient.
The weight of the lightest component is about 300 kg, and the total weight of the entire product may be about 1500 kg.
The large weight of structural elements suggests that its price must necessarily include transportation costs. It should also be taken into account that in one trip no more than 10 units or 20-30 lighter elements can be delivered to the construction site.
Note! The cost of transportation costs significantly increases the total estimated cost of building a precast concrete foundation, which is 20-30% higher than the price of a monolithic base structure. This fact is the reason that prefabricated building elements are used only when the rate of production of work has a greater value than the price.
Advantages and disadvantages of monolithic foundations
Reinforced concrete monolithic foundation или железобетонные фундаментные балки, которые заливаются в армированную опалубку обходятся застройщику гораздо дешевле, чем сборные основания. Сооружение такой конструкции возможно своими руками без помощи грузоподъемного оборудования.
Components necessary for mixing the solution:
- Crushed stone;
- Sand;
- Cement.
All these materials can be delivered to the construction site in just a few truck trips.
Note! Reinforced monolithic slab basement has a much greater strength than the prefabricated structure, consisting of several segments, the strength of which directly depends on the resistance of the seams between the blocks.
Another clear advantage of this type of construction is the possibility of building the foundation of any desired shape. It can be a classic square, a polygon, and even complex shapes using straight and arc faces.
Council Prefabricated foundations may also have any shape, but for this the slabs will have to be subjected to such machining methods as cutting reinforced concrete with diamond circles and diamond drilling holes in concrete.
Concrete foundation building technology
The foundations, which serves as a reinforced concrete slab and a foundation of a filler type, are completely different structures with individual features of the construction process.
Construction of prefabricated structures
The construction instruction of this kind of construction is as follows:
- The top layer of soil is removed from the building plot to a depth of 20-30 cm;
- With the help of milestones and ropes, the contour of the future structure is created;
- A contour is dug along the contour with a width and depth equal to twice the thickness of the blocks chosen for the construction;
- At the bottom of the excavation, a two-layer platform is created, the first layer of which is sand, and the second is gravel;
Council The thickness of each pillow layer should be about 15 cm.
- From above, crushed stone is poured with a layer of lean concrete 5–10 cm thick, on which blocks will be installed in the future;
- Before laying, reinforcing pins are mounted in the side faces of the structural units, the field of which the blocks are laid on concrete;
- The pins are tied, and the vertical joints of the structure are filled with concrete;
- A mounting layer is poured over the first row of blocks, onto which the second row is installed;
- After the last row of blocks, reinforcement screed is poured.
Construction of a monolithic foundation
The process of building a monolithic slab or ribbon takes a little more time and this process consists of the following steps:
- The building plot is cleaned and the marking of the pit is made;
- According to the contour of the built-up marking, they dig a pit or trench to the design depth;
- A drainage pad is created at the bottom of the trench, which is covered with waterproofing material;
- A wooden formwork is mounted on the base contour or the blocks of permanent formwork are laid out;
- The horizontal reinforcement mesh is assembled directly in the formwork. The vertical pins of the reinforcement are placed in the lateral planes between the cells of the upper and lower horizontal reinforcing meshes;
- The walls of the formwork are strengthened by forests. A gutter is inserted into the body of the structure;
- Along the chute, the concrete is poured into the formwork in layers of 20-25 cm each;
Council To ensure the strength of the structure, each filler layer must be spun or rammed.
- After the concrete solution hardens, the elements of the removable formwork can be removed, and the resulting construction is waterproofed and insulated. The base created from fixed elements does not need these procedures.
Finally
The construction of reinforced concrete foundations of both types is simple. And the choice of design depends on the financial possibilities and the amount of free time.
Whatever method you choose, the result of high-quality work will be a solid, reliable and durable reinforced concrete foundation on which a building with the required number of floors can be built.
The video in this article will allow you to learn even more subtleties and features of the construction of reinforced concrete foundations.