Reinforced concrete driving piles as a foundation for

Foundation construction is carried out using several technologies, therefore, during the work, completely different materials may be required. However, reinforced concrete piles continue to be popular in the construction of both industrial and residential buildings. They are products for the production of which is used heavy concrete.

Standardized documentation

Непосредственно перед проведением работ составляется технологическая карта на забивку железобетонных свай, так как установка данных элементов относится к операциям высокой степени сложности. В пунктах документа отражаются базовые сведения и инструкции для персонала, выполняющего монтаж. Процесс составления не настолько сложный, чтобы строительные фирмы поручали его разработку сторонним организациям (см.также статью «Стены из керамзитобетонных блоков – особенности кладки, советы и инструкции»).

Scope of elements

Racks of reinforced concrete are used on any type of soil, except in cases where there are weak layers at a depth of more than 9-11 m. First of all, they are designed to take vertical compressive loads. The scope of elements for seismicity of the built-up area has no limitations, unless we are talking about products with a square section and the absence of a reinforced stem.

General provisions

The manufacture of such reinforced concrete products is made according to GOST 19804 91, which reflects the main requirements for the quality of the work carried out.

In addition, the standard defines the rules for storage, transportation, acceptance and control, as well as the procedure for labeling products.

• The driving of elements is carried out with the help of special installations called copra. They are equipped with mechanical, diesel or steam air hammers.
• Preparatory work involves the clearing and planning of the selected area. Also, before the main works, a test block is made, after which the basic installation scheme is selected.
• The immersion depth of the racks from one impact is measured with particular accuracy.. The error is usually less than 1 mm. However, it is difficult to determine the draft at the final stage; therefore, this indicator is an average value.
• To protect against the occurrence of cracks, the elements should be prestressed, and immediately prior to immersion, special means should be impregnated on the basis of petroleum bitumen.
• Along with the pile-driving machines, the universal machinery - excavators - is used in the driving process. They are equipped with a suspended mast, which acts as a guide rod.

Note! Reinforcement of reinforced concrete piles is a rather complicated operation, which is a dynamic effect on nearby buildings and people, so other methods of immersion were created.

Work execution technology

From enterprises, the elements are delivered to the construction site in a form ready for work. Most often, their length ranges from 6 to 10 m.

The technology of driving reinforced concrete piles of this size is carried out using self-propelled pile drivers.

1. At the initial stage, transportation is carried out, as well as the subsequent lifting of the rack with its simultaneous insertion of the main part into the hole of the headrest located below the hammer.
2. After that, the element is installed in the guide mast where the immersion will take place. Usually, before the main works, the installation scheme is selected.
3. Next, the rod is immersed by light blows, but their strength gradually increases to the limit. If the vertical deviation of the pile exceeds 1 percent, then alignment is carried out by props.
4. At the final stage, the master installation is moved, and the installed elements are cut to a pre-made mark. For this, reinforced concrete is cut with diamond circles.

Attention! Piles can be hammered directly in rows, sections or spirals. In the latter case, the installation can be carried out from the edges to the central part or from the middle to the outer edges.

Quality control

При приемке работ осуществляется освидетельствование свайного фундамента, а также проверка соответствия строительным нормам. Основные стандарты определяет ГОСТ на забивные железобетонные сваи (читайте также статью «Полимербетон: первое знакомство»).

When quality control during the device and after it are guided by several criteria.

• First of all, the elements entering the building area are examined for compliance with the main project.
• Further, the compliance with the immersion technology approved immediately before the works is checked.
• It is mandatory to test the bearing capacity of the elements, since the safety of the structure will depend on it.
• The location of the pillars is also verified with the geodesic breakdown plan.

Note! The basic parameter of control is the bearing capacity, which can be determined both by static and dynamic methods. Usually these figures are overestimated, which is explained by the tense state of the soil when diving.

Safety engineering

Extreme caution must be exercised when driving elements, diamond drilling holes in concrete and other operations. When working with traction and lifting mechanisms, their serviceability must be checked without fail, otherwise safety will not be guaranteed.

As a conclusion

Благодаря свайным основаниям конечная цена конструкции значительно снижается, однако готовые элементы установить для фундамента частного дома своими руками не представляется возможным. Хотя на самом деле можно осуществить заливку железобетонных опор непосредственно в подготовленные котлованы (читайте также статью «Бетонный узел для современной стройки»).

The presented instructions provide comprehensive information on the topic, but on the video in this article you can get a visual representation of the process.