Recipe of concrete. base composition. polystyrene concrete

If you go into the terms - concrete and mortar differ from each other in composition. The first one is used to build foundations, create paths and fill pits of support pillars, the second one is used for laying bricks or stone slabs to fit them to level. In this article we will look at the recipe of concrete M400 and others.

Types of cement

The material is required as a binder in solution. Consider two main types:

Tip: Replace rubble can be gravel.

As a rule, they are released in special bags of 50 kg each. For storage should choose a dry place. It is very important that air can pass well between the bags. Remember that during long-term storage the material is able to absorb moisture and harden quickly.

Tip: Wrap the material in PVC bags, and then wrap them with plastic wrap, then it can be stored for sufficient time.

Experts recommend adding cement to the concrete mix immediately after purchase. It is undesirable to keep it for a long time, otherwise the strength of the final solution will be worse. For example, you should not rely on the power of structures made from two-year cement.

The composition of the foundation concrete

It is usually made of sand-gravel and sand-crushed stone mixture. The main thing is to follow the high quality of the aggregate, which is one of the main factors of strength of the finished product. The recipe for making concrete for the foundation will be presented below.

There are also certain fractions for different solutions:

• normal concrete - gravel should be 80 mm;
• reinforced concrete - up to 30 mm.

Tip: to save a foundation solution, sometimes you can put large stones in it.

Remember the truth - any pollution in the sand significantly reduces the strength of the structure. Do not allow it also the presence of unnecessary details.

The verification can be carried out as follows:

• pour sand into a container with water (bottle);
• shake well;
• wait 24 hours.

Result:

1. If the liquid is slightly dimmed, then the material is suitable for use.
2. I got a brown, dirty color and a layer of settled dirt is visible, there are a lot of foreign substances in the sand. They will cause the rapid destruction of the foundation.

How to make

High-quality and durable concrete is obtained from a sand-gravel mixture containing grains of different fractions. It also helps save cement.

Any voids between the grains are filled with a smaller fraction. In the manufacture of conventional concrete, it is necessary to mix 45% sand with grain sizes up to 5 mm from 55-65% gravel with a fraction of 5-80 mm.

Tip: use clear, clean water without chlorine, this is very important.

The use of cool liquid allows the concrete solution to not set too quickly. In winter, it is recommended to use warm water, then the mixture will have time to harden faster.

Tip: strictly observe the proportions of water in the preparation of the foundation concrete solution, otherwise the strength of the structure will decrease significantly. Based on M200 concrete per 1 cube, you need to spend about 125 liters of water.

For the preparation of the solution is best to use a concrete mixer, then the mixture is stronger.

Process instruction:

1. Pour rubble into the installation. By the way, if you need to clean the mixer, add water to it.
2. Without turning off the machine, pour in the cement and sand.
3. Add water and mix the composition for 1-2 minutes.

High-quality solution to make their own hands will be difficult.

Lightweight concrete

Today, in construction they use not only heavy, but also lightweight concrete. Below we consider the methods of preparation of polystyrene concrete and expanded clay concrete.

Polystyrene technology

In the production of material is important to respect the proportions. The final result depends on the amount of mixing of the components. You can get a material with a high degree of thermal insulation, but not so durable, and vice versa, much stronger, but with a low level of thermal protection.

But, anyway, any option offers a warm and fairly light building material. Its characteristics are not inferior to cellular concrete.

Polystyrene concrete recipe:

• polystyrene granules;
• cement M400;
• plasticizing and air-entraining additives;
• water.

You must understand that the material should be made more homogeneous, for which it is necessary to observe the order of work:

1. Pour the polystyrene granules into the concrete mixer.
2. Pour about 10% of the water in which you first dissolve the plasticizer or dish detergent.
3. Stir the mixture for 30 seconds to allow all the granules to wet.
4. Carefully pour the cement in the required amount immediately.
5. Add another 85% water with plasticizer.
6. Dilute LMS in water (wood saponified resin) and add to the concrete mixer.
7. Mix the composition for about 2-3 minutes.

This solution can be used for the manufacture of floor screed and for the production of blocks.

Claydite technology

The representative of lightweight concrete, so its strength is questionable.

Usually used:

• as walling, experiencing light loads;
• for the device of auxiliary heat-insulating and constructional layers.

Let out material of brands 100, 150, 200 and everyone finds the application. For example, M100 is used for screeds, and for light floors - M200. For partitions and bearing walls, blocks of grades 150 and 200 are made, which directly depend on the ratios of the ingredients that make up the material.

How to cook

For 1 m³ claydite use 0.5-0.7 m³ expanded clay and 1.3-1.5 tons of dry sand concrete brand M300. The claydite recipe depends on the required final grade of material.

Lightweight concrete has a lower density of fillers. For example, crushed stone that is part of heavy concrete can reach 2 t / m³, at the same time, the density of expanded clay depends on its degree of porosity and is 300-600 kg / m³. In addition to it, the composition of the solution also includes Portland cement, fractional sand and water.

The ratio of ingredients in the claydite depends on the required strength. Previously, for each type of structure and product, a brand is selected that corresponds to the design loads.

There is a proportion - the more cement in the composition, the stronger is keramzite concrete and its mark is higher. But, it also leads to a deterioration of the insulating characteristics of the material. The composition is more suitable for concrete mixers than for manufacturing by hand.

Conclusion

It became clear from the material that it was not possible to make a certain type of concrete without the necessary ingredients. At the same time, there are several recipes for its preparation, which meet the needs of construction. Therefore, before you start making it, you should know where it will be applied.

The video in this article will help you find additional information on this topic.