Proportions for concrete: types and number of components,

In order to obtain a high-quality construction, be it an entire house or its component, one should strictly adhere to the technology, including the respect of the proportions of concrete mixes produced directly on the construction site. This article is just dedicated to this process, clearly explaining all the technical aspects of the preparation of concrete.

Historical excursion

The prototype of concrete was known in the days of ancient Rome and Greece. But it became widespread only since 1844, when the previously lost ancient recipe for the production of this mixture was again restored and improved.

Since then, this truly versatile building material has been used in various industries. First of all, we are talking about construction, where it serves as a material for the construction of foundations, walls and roofs of buildings.

In addition, paving slabs, decorative elements, tabletops and much more are produced from concrete. There are variations that copy natural materials such as granite or marble in texture and color.

The production technology of this mixture is so simple that it is quite possible to make it yourself. To obtain high-quality concrete, it is only necessary to correctly observe the proportions of its constituent components and not violate the established procedure for mixing it. The instruction presented in this material will help you with this.

The composition of the concrete mix

In order to obtain a mixture suitable for construction, it is necessary to take into account many different nuances and peculiarities.

The name of the components of the concrete mix and their ratio in the finished solution depends on the scope of concrete.

By default it includes:

• cement;
• water;
• sand;
• filler.

In order to improve consumer properties in the finished concrete can be added various substances - plasticizers. They give the building material unique properties required for a particular industry.

The simplest type of concrete, for which coarse sand is used as a filler, is used to prepare the surface of the soil for the foundation. Its strength is minimal, however, quite sufficient to perform the assigned tasks.

In stronger concrete, various fillers are used:

• crushed stone;
• keramzit;
• polystyrene.

In addition, ready-made building blocks are made from concrete. For example, foam concrete, which has the same properties as the cinder block, but has a lower weight. It can also be made independently directly at the construction site.

The proportions of components for concrete depending on the type of filler

The main parameter of the considered building material is strength, which is measured in Megapascals (MPa). Depending on this value, concrete is assigned one brand or another. According to GOST, adopted in our country, concrete has marks from B7.5 to B80.

The figure in this case indicates the pressure that the material is able to withstand after construction. The strength of concrete depends on the type of cement used, the type of filler and the proportions of each element of the mixture. Let us dwell on this in more detail.

Керемзит

It is a small pink oval-shaped pebbles, which are obtained by firing clay.

Керемзит обладает следующими качествами:

• ease;
• environmental safety;
• cheap.

Note! In order to properly observe the proportions of expanded clay concrete, you need to know the density of the raw materials and the number of special additives in the granules.

As a rule, claydite consists of:

• sawdust;
• ash;
• potassium chloride.

The table of proportions of expanded clay concrete will help to make a qualitative ready solution.

If you want to get concrete, which has a higher density, you need to slightly change the proportions of concrete with expanded clay. To do this, increase the amount of sand used in the preparation of the solution. It will close most of the pores, increase strength, but greatly reduce the insulating properties of the material.

Polystyrene concrete

As for this type of concrete, which belongs to the class of light construction materials, its composition, as the name implies, includes:

• cement;
• polystyrene;
• various chemical additives.

The proportions of polystyrene concrete can be determined based on the following table:

As an additive, specially treated wood resin is usually used, which is sold in hardware stores. Entering into a chemical reaction, it forms air bubbles in the mortar, which improves thermal conductivity.

Tip! Do not neglect the use of additives for concrete. The price of the solution for this does not greatly increase, and the insulating properties will help you in the future to save money on heating.

Foam concrete

This building material is an analogue of aerated concrete and is a subclass of cellular concrete. Both mentioned varieties have excellent thermal insulation properties, but differ in the production technology.

Unlike aerated concrete hardening in special autoclaves, such conditions are not needed for the production of foam concrete, because it can be made at home.

You will need:

• forms in which the blocks will harden;
• concrete mixer;
• compressed air compressor;
• penogenerator.

As in the previous cases, based on the purpose of the resulting solution, the proportions are determined: foam concrete, for which strength is important, contains more cement and sand. If the emphasis is on thermal conductivity - the amount of foaming substance increases.

The exact number of components is indicated in the table:

Concrete mixing

If you decide to make concrete yourself, it is advisable to use a special mixer, which is sold in building supermarkets. Its use will reduce the complexity and increase the quality of the resulting building material. In addition, manual mixing takes too much time.

The process of making concrete consists of the following steps:

1. Water pouring. Its volume should be 80-90% of that given in the tables.
2. Laying dry cement. As in the previous case, you need to leave a little for the subsequent filling.
3. Falling asleep sand. After that it is necessary that the mixture is mixed until uniform.
4. Addition of additional substances. These include plasticizers, reinforcing additives, and so on.
5. Falling asleep. Its varieties are determined based on the type of substance obtained.

Note! For the production of certain types of concrete, additional equipment is needed. Take care of its availability in advance, before the start of mixing the solution.

findings

Concrete is a substance that quickly hardens after its production. Because as soon as the batch is finished, it is necessary to postpone its filling without delay. If you correctly comply with all proportions, concrete walls or blocks will not make you disappointed in the choice of this particular type of building material.

In the presented video in this article you will find additional information on this topic.