Peskobetonnye blocks - characteristics and properties,

Currently, despite the ever-increasing financial crises, throughout the world and in Russia in particular, construction is constantly gaining momentum, therefore, there is a growing need for materials. Peskobetonnye or sand-cement blocks in this case are very convenient, since they can be made even at home and you do not need any complicated equipment.

Below we will talk about what the industry offers, find out how to do it yourself, and also see the thematic video in this article.

Reliable building material

Characteristics and properties

• In the classical form, the material is a cast brick from one part of cement and three parts of sand, but the characteristics of sand concrete blocks turned out to be better; instead of sand, a crushed stone is added, which makes the material not only cheaper, but also stronger. Moreover, instead of the usual cement, Portland cement is used here, and this is increased frost resistance and resistance to surface erosion.
• If you make such a building material yourself, then after the block is freed from the form, it acquires installation readiness within 50 days, which is fast enough. But to release the brick from the mold can be done after 3 hours - the mortar sets in 180 minutes, therefore, it has already been molded (the mortar is suitable for filling within 2 hours).
• Upon completion of the hardening and hardening cycle, the frost resistance of the material is equal to F50, that is, 50 freeze / thaw cycles are possible..

Classification

One of the variants of such material is produced as foundation sand-concrete full-bodied blocks, that is, in the form of a molded rectangular stone without any voids. This allows you to create a higher density of concrete or resistance to compression - this is precisely what their use for arranging strip or column foundations is intended for. The standard factory size of blocks in such cases is 400x200x200 mm - the same parameters are usually followed when making crafts.

In hollow sandblock blocks, usually from 2 to 8 holes are left by the molding method while pouring the solution into the mold. This configuration allows you to create insulation and sound absorption, without losing the strength characteristics (in this situation, only the resistance of the block to compression is reduced), but in such cases we get significant savings in raw materials.

Hollow blocks are usually used for the construction of load-bearing and self-supporting walls, but sometimes a thickened version is used.

What is used from sand concrete for lining is very similar to a hollow stone - all the same holes in the middle, and the strength characteristics remain the same. But in this case one side is made decorative and in such situations the finishing of the wall is no longer required. The material is widely used for the construction of buildings and fences, as you can see in the photo above.

This material is used for the construction of interior partitions and light architectural structures such as outbuildings for a country house and the dacha. The standard dimensions of such a stone are 390x188x90 mm, weight 7.5 kg, compressive strength L100, frost resistance F50 according to GOST 6133-99.

They can also be used for the construction of walls and partitions in conjunction with another stone, such as sand concrete, brick, limestone, and so on - this allows you to increase the thickness of the masonry, as well as its noise-absorbing and heat-resistant qualities.

Homemade

Note. The table above shows the most commonly used types of concrete (instruction on the proportions of ingredients), but for home production of blocks you should better stop on M300, moreover, if you make them not for the foundation, but for walls, you can use crushed stone replace with slag (cinder block). Consider that the time of forming the solution in this case is 2 hours, therefore, the excess water will not allow you to immediately remove the form, and also significantly reduce the technical characteristics of the finished material.

So, if you started building a house, then you have the opportunity to significantly save on this, if you make your own wall (foundation) blocks yourself, but this will require a casting mold. It can be made of wood (planks, OSB), but the best thing for this purpose is to use metal - a sheet with a thickness of 1.5-2 mm is fine, only you will need welding for assembly.

Dimensions in such cases can also be used standard - 400x200x200 mm, only inserts for the formation of voids should be done so that they are separated from the main wall at a distance of at least 20-25 mm.

Кроме формы вам понадобится две прижимные крышки - одна сплошная - её размеры должны быть немного больше чем верх формы, примерно, 405×205 мм, а другую, чтобы она вмещалась внутрь, повторяя контуры вставок. Это крышки вы будете использовать для сжатия и формования раствора при заливке. Хотя слово «заливка» здесь чисто символическое - бетонную смесь, скорее всего, засыпают в формовочный ящик.

The finished solution is poured into the form gradually, so that there is an opportunity to tamp it as best as possible and for the first stage you fill the box by about one third, constantly pressing the mixture with a bar (it is convenient to use the cutting from the spade). You should ensure that the form is filled to the third part with the condition of pressing it bar.

After you have pressed the mortar with a handle, use a special cover, as shown in the top photo. To avoid any voids in the mixture, the lid should be pressed mechanically and at home a perforator in the baffle mode is quite suitable for this. To do this, push the punch chisel into the center of the lid, and you get something like a vibrating table, in any case, this pressing is most effective.

Next, fill in the form to failure, but at the same time constantly tamping the mixture with a handle, and, if necessary, adjusting the shaped cap. After the last tamping, you should have a few centimeters to the top, where you fall asleep the mixture, and use two caps for compression at once to create a full container.

After the final tamping of the solution in the box, remove the lids and cut off the excess mixture (the one that is higher than the sides) with a trowel or the same solid lid, but you need to carefully smooth the surface. Due to compression, the molding takes place very quickly, so the block can be freed from the mold immediately, but very carefully. To do this, you must have procured pan for drying.

Note. For such blocks, diamond drilling of holes in concrete and cutting of reinforced concrete with diamond circles is carried out similarly with factory materials.

Conclusion

In conclusion, it should be noted that the total price of blocks will drop significantly only when they need to be made quite a lot. If you need only two or three dozen of such a stone, it is better to buy it in the store.