Laying of concrete: technology to create reinforced concrete

Laying concrete on the ground or on a sand cushion should be carried out in such a way that the concrete structure can be ensured by the solidity of the product, the homogeneity of the mortar and the high-quality adhesion to the reinforcing structure.

In addition, the technology should provide the chemical and physical characteristics stated in the project documentation, as well as ensure that the building structure is completely filled with the building mass.

Laying methods

The process of laying mortar can be produced by one of the following methods:

1. Casting;
2. Packing with seal;
3. Pressure head installation.

Regardless of which method was chosen, the technology of laying concrete should be made in compliance with the basic rule of laying layers. This rule states that it is impossible to fill in the next layer until the previous one has dried.

Note! Accurate adherence to this condition eliminates the need to perform work on the arrangement of joints between layers along the height of the concrete structure.

If we are talking about small structures such as columns, walls, beams, etc., then the solution is laid without a break. This method of creating concrete products eliminates the occurrence of working seams on the surface of the monolith.

If concrete slabs are being laid under a fairly massive foundation, then the mortar is laid in horizontal layers over the entire surface of the structure.

Для того чтобы обеспечить монолитность конструкции при многослойном методе создания, необходимо соблюдать следующие условие: h < Qt/A, где:

• h is the thickness of the layer laid on the surface, in m;
• A is the area of ​​the monolithic structure, in m²;
• Q - the flow rate of the solution, in m³/ even;
• t is the maximum time allowed for laying a new layer on a previously laid concrete cake, in hours.

Note! On large construction sites it is not always possible to wait until the previous layer grabs and only then lay the next one. In such a situation, a stepwise pouring method is used, which involves the simultaneous pouring of 2-3 layers of the mixture, each of which must be at least 3 mm.

The technology of creating reinforced concrete structures

Technology laying concrete on the road or in the ground is determined by the following factors:

• Type of construction;
• Requirements for the created product;
• The composition of the mixture;
• Design features created formwork;
• The method of supplying the solution;
• Place of work.

Concrete massifs and foundations for buildings can be laid using various methods, depending on parameters such as:

1. Deepening;
2. The volume of the concrete structure;
3. Product height;
4. Type of concrete solution.

Unloading of the concrete mix can be carried out directly from the vehicle from a ramp or a movable bridge, using such devices as:

• Vibrozhelob;
• Vibropitateli;
• Concrete pumps;
• Concrete laying machines;
• Tubs with cranes.

Council If it is necessary to create a low-reinforced foundation, then concrete mixes with sufficient rigidity should be used, which have a draft of a cone no more than 1-3 cm, and for densely reinforced - 5-6 cm.

Installation of concrete for the arrangement of the floor

In order to make the device concrete preparations for the construction of the floor, you must use a concrete solution, the draft of the cone which will be no more than 2 cm.

The instructions for the production of works in this case will consist of the following steps:

1. The formwork, which is the basis for casting, is divided into strips not exceeding 4 m wide. For such a separation, beacon boards are installed;
2. The demarcated strips are poured with mortar through one;
3. After the laid mixture hardens, the filling of intermediate strips begins.

Now that everything is ready for pouring the concrete floor, it is arranged as follows:

• The solution is discharged directly from the truck or it is fed into the formwork using concrete pumps;
• Fill roughly smoothed with shovels;
• Monolith is compacted using a vibrating rail;

Council Vibrolrake does not move from position until such time as it drops to the beacon boards with both ends.

• After 20-30 minutes, as the seal was completed, the surface is smoothed using a hand tool or trowel;
• After 30 minutes, the smoothing field is done by grouting with a metal trowel.

This treatment allows you to end up with a high-quality concrete floor that has acceptable strength and abrasion resistance.

Note! If the arrangement of concrete, cement, asphalt floors or the laying of foam concrete is planned, then the surface after compaction of the concrete with a vibrating rail is left rough to improve adhesion to the coatings.

If you want to increase the density and hygiene of such a floor, you should use the method of ironing. To implement it, a dry cement powder is rubbed into the surface of a freshly applied mortar with a trowel, trowel or steel trowel.

Features of the arrangement of concrete partitions and walls

What technology will be used to fill the walls, depends on the type of formwork used, as well as the thickness and height of the walls.

There are some features of the production of such works, which certainly should be known to everyone who decided to fill the walls with his own hands:

• When using formwork of folding-moving type, the filling should be carried out in sections not more than 3 m high;
• If the wall thickness is more than 50 cm, the method of weak reinforcement should be applied and the mixture should be filled with a draft of a cone of about 4-6 cm;
• If the length of the walls is more than 20 m, filling should be done in sections of 7-10 m, using separating formwork;
• The supply of the mortar to the formwork should be made at several points simultaneously using a vibration chute, bucket or concrete pump.

Council Filing a raster at only one point will lead to looseness and bent of layers, which will reduce the uniformity and quality of the monolith.

If all these recommendations are implemented, then you will certainly get strong and reliable walls. And if it is necessary to mechanically process these surfaces, it will be necessary to use such methods as cutting reinforced concrete with diamond circles and diamond drilling holes in concrete.

Winter concreting

In order to prepare a solution for pouring in the winter, the water used in this process is heated. The base on which the casting will be carried out should not be cold or frozen. After pouring the mixture must necessarily be warmed.

But these measures may not be enough to create a high-quality concrete product during the cold season.

That is why the technology of laying concrete in the winter time involves the use of various additives that:

• Allow to accelerate the setting of the solution;
• Accelerate the process of achieving the required level of strength;
• Increase the brand of solution without deterioration of the parameters of plasticity of the mass;
• They make it possible to work with concrete in any temperature conditions.

However, the price of such components can be quite high, which will have an impact on such a parameter as the cost of laying concrete per cubic meter. Such additives can be added both to the dry mix for solution preparation, and during the kneading process.

The main requirements that should be fulfilled when filling in the winter time:

• When using the method of maintaining the temperature of concrete, referred to as a "thermos", or electric heating, a heated aggregate is used to prepare the solution;
• When antifreeze agents are added to the building mass, the filler may be cold, but it should not contain ice and frozen lumps.

Winter concrete mass is prepared in the central nodes under the strict supervision of a technician. The room in which the mixing is carried out must be warm and heated with the necessary moisture content. Under constant control should be the temperature indicators of each component.

The insulation and the formwork itself from the concrete structure can be removed not earlier than the temperature of the monolith reaches 5 degrees, in order to exclude freezing to the formwork.

Finally

Laying a concrete solution is a procedure that necessarily accompanies any type of construction and can be either a pouring of the foundation for a building, or a cast of flooring, walls, and even floors.

For this reason, it is very important that this process be carried out correctly, taking into account not only the design parameters, but also the weather conditions. The quality, reliability and durability of the structure directly depend on how the filling is made.

And you can learn more about the technology of pouring building mixtures from the video in this article.