How to determine the consumption of reinforcement for a cube
During the construction of large industrial and civil facilities, the consumption of reinforcement per cube of concrete is determined in accordance with GOST 5781-82 and GOST 10884-94 and is taken into account in advance when designing structures. But what to do when such construction is carried out at home?
It is unlikely that anyone will strictly adhere to the standards of Gosstroi, but you still need to adhere to any norms, especially with regard to pouring the strip footing, where, in fact, applied reinforced concrete.
Below we will talk about the method of such calculations and calculations, as well as see the video in this article on our topic.
Reinforcement in reinforced concrete structures
Where are prefabricated and monolithic reinforced concrete structures used in home construction
- Cement, this is one of the most sought-after materials in any construction and no large-scale construction is also complete without concreting - it is used there, either prefabricated or monolithic reinforced concrete. If we speak of prefabricated reinforced concrete structures, then for the private construction are used mainly foundation blocks and floor panels. For the monolith, there is also a not very wide range of application - this is a tape-shaped foundation and a reinforced screed, which, in fact, is also a slab foundation.
- In some cases, the construction of private houses make monolithic floors - this usually happens in cases where it is not possible to equip the access roads for the transportation and installation of prefabricated floors. Simply put, the house is built in a place where a load-lifting truck crane cannot work - in the mountains, on a hill, and the like. In such cases, the instruction specified in GOST 5781-82 and GOST 10884-94 is of paramount importance.
Recommendation. Assembling reinforcement cages for monolithic reinforced concrete structures at home, as a rule, is carried out using steel knitting wire. To use for this electric or gas welding is unprofitable - the price increases and the quality decreases.
Valve consumption
Since all RC constructions have different purposes, characteristics, additives, and fillers, the rate of reinforcement consumption is 1 m.3 concrete may be different in each case. All these norms are, of course, regulated, and this can be determined using the aforementioned state standards. But besides them there are also GESN (state elementary estimated norms) and FER (federal unit prices, which are based on the same GESN).
For example, according to GLUS 81-02-06-2001 at 5m3 monolithic general-purpose foundation will require 1 ton of metal, which is evenly distributed as a reinforcement cage. In more detail the average consumption of valves per 1 m3 бетона можно прочесть в ФЕРах, которые гласят, что столбчатые фундаменты (плиты, стаканы, пазы, подколонники) до 2м в высоту нуждаются в 187kg / m3, and flat ZhBK - 81kg / m3.
| Standard | The norm for this standard |
| FER 06-01-001-17 | 187kg / m3 |
| FER 06-01-001-16 | 81kg / m3 |
Fill the foundation
Both plate and strip foundations usually use ribbed reinforcement type A-III, with a cross section of at least 10 mm, although for the joints of frame sheaths, a smooth wall rod of a smaller section is often used.
На верхнем фото видно, как монтируется сборный каркас для плиты - он состоит из двух обрешёток, где стандарт ячейки имеет 200×200 мм. Высота плиты будет зависеть от веса вышестоящего строения, но вам следует позаботиться о том, чтобы весь металл был покрыт раствором, слой которого составит не менее 50 мм.
Примечание. Если учесть, что на один кубометр вам нужно расходовать 81 кг арматуры, то её сечение вы будете подбирать в зависимости от толщины плиты - получается, что чем толще плита, тем больше диаметр прута. Вам нужно будет постараться на одном кубометре расположить определённую массу, соблюдая при этом размер ячейки 200×200 мм. В общую массу металла вы также можете включить вертикальные прутья, которыми вы будете соединять обрешётки своими руками.
Теперь давайте посмотрим, сколько арматуры на куб бетона расходуется при закладке ленточного фундамента, и если ориентироваться на массу, то здесь тоже можно придерживаться FER 06-01-001-16, которые предусматривают 81кг металла на куб раствора. Здесь вам будет легче ориентироваться по ширине и высоте ленты.
For example, if its width is no more than 40 cm, then one row (belt) is usually allowed in two rods, with a cross section of 10-12 mm, if this parameter increases, then, accordingly, the number of rods in a row increases. The same can be said about the height of the tape, so, up to 60 cm, two levels are usually used, as in the upper figure, but if the foundation is deepened, then such levels are arranged approximately 40 cm apart.
In addition, there are also vertical lintels, which are also mounted in increments of 40-50 cm, connecting the belts along the entire length of the foundation. Since you will not buy metal by weight, it will be simply inconvenient for you to calculate how much reinforcement is needed for 1 cubic meter of concrete - it is much easier to calculate its molding.
That is, you determine the total length of the tape and multiply by the number of rods that will be needed per linear meter. After that, the total length of the reinforcement is divided into 6 or 5 (the length of the rod) and you will understand how many pieces to buy for the whole foundation.
Conclusion
When processing slab and strip monolithic foundations, the cutting of reinforced concrete with diamond circles and diamond drilling of holes in concrete is carried out in the general manner provided by state standards and building codes. Successes in construction!