House with attic of timber - from the foundation to the roof

Wooden houses do not have age, no, of course, the house was once built, it was even possible to be repaired, but the very idea of ​​creating houses made of wood, which came from the depth of centuries, is relevant today and will not lose its value, either in the near future or later perspective. And timber is used as a building material, you can of course resort to frame construction, but timber also looks more reliable and houses built from it cost more than 100 years.

Why cant and its types

A beam is the core of a log, which has two types of surfaces: flat or oval external, and relief with grooves - connecting (upper and lower). This type of building material is called profiled.

There is a "lightweight" version of the timber - glued analogue. In this case, it consists, as a rule, of four boards glued together, from which branches are removed, and minor defects are eliminated by polishing. Like any material, wood is not without positive and negative qualities, and, accordingly, at home from it.

Let's start the story with attractive moments:

• Timber house with an attic refers to lightweight structures and does not require a solid monolithic foundation. An exception can only be a house from a bar with an attic and a garage, and also an underground garage, as the supports for an ordinary garage can be made in the form of piles with a grillage. The foundation will be discussed in a separate chapter;
• We will leave environmental friendliness alone, since this option is in the basic package, let's talk about warming (the timber, of course, needs to be insulated, but the process itself takes place much faster, you can do everything yourself);
• Plans of houses from a bar with a mansard allow to design any design of the house, to consider practically all wishes of the client. In addition, the term of active operation of such a structure will be commensurate with the stone house.

A few words about shortcomings, although to be objective, it is easier to call them not flaws, but warning signs:

1. Wood is a natural material and does not respond well to moisture, so when you buy a material, pay attention to the following parameters:

• on which site it is located, on an open or under a shed;
• packed or not;
• ask how the wood was dried (chamber drying or natural).

All this is important, as well-dried timber is the key to your success;

1. Like most houses, a house from a bar has to stand for at least a year before you can begin to install windows, doors, insulation and interior work. It does not matter what you built: a house from a 6x6 bar with a loft or a stationary, high-grade residential complex on several floors, with various extensions;
2. The tree must be soaked and done regularly, at least once a year, at two. Rot, bark beetles, fungus - all these phenomena take place, and take off must be fought;
3. And yet, the tree burns beautifully, so you need to take care of fire safety throughout the path of electrical wires, as well as in the locations of heaters (stoves, fireplaces, boilers).

Projects in thoughts and on paper

Before building a house, a well thought out plan that takes into account all the nuances of a particular locality from a bar with an attic is necessary. In this case, the calculation must be carried out from the first movement with a shovel to the last nail in the ridge of the roof.

Also consider the time of work, as well as the number of working people. Although it is real to make a house out of a bar with an attic with our own hands, we need helpers. The best is a team of three people, although it may consist of a large number of workers.

Tip! The need to think through everything in advance is also due to the fact that the house will shrink by several centimeters, and it is necessary.

Minor design changes in the interior and exterior will be possible (for example, changes in the shape of the lattice on the balcony or open terrace, changing the shape of the internal staircase or furnace design), and changes in the structures of walls, partitions and ceilings will not be possible. And yet, the completion, for example, of a barn to a house or a garage is also possible after the main building has shrunk.

And now the foundation

They said, we repeat: if you are not going to make underground garages, workshops, cellars, then piles are your choice.

In general, there are options:

• The simplest ones are metal piles that go into the ground below the level of soil freezing, are cut to a single level and the grillage is welded from the channel;
• The second option is solid strip foundations in the case of planning the premises under the house. In this case, reinforced concrete slabs, brick walls, and reinforced concrete monolith are possible. The most important thing is to hold hydro-protective measures;
• And the third option - the foundation for small houses or holiday cottages. For example, a house made of 4x6 lumber with an attic can also be built on a solid reinforced concrete slab. And it will play the role of the subfloor and the base for the stove or fireplace.

We offer you an analysis of the manufacture of one of the fairly simple foundations - a tape monolith (without a basement).

In this case, produced:

• Digging trenches to the level of freezing ground, two spit wide shovels, around the perimeter of the future structure. The ditch should be level, both below and on the sides;
• Installing a cushion of rubble and sand. At this stage, the cushion is also leveled at the bottom of the ditch. To do this, after falling asleep rubble and sand, the layers are poured over with water. The sand fills all the cracks and lies quite evenly in the horizontal plane;
• Next, formwork is installed. Here you can use multi-layer plywood, construction of edged boards with struts, any shields, as long as the height of the structure is 35-40 cm above ground level;

Tip! If you have purchased plywood for rough floors, it will perfectly manifest itself in the construction of formwork. After use it can be sanded and applied again, but for its intended purpose.

• Then armature with a thickness of 10–12 mm is set up on several floors from 2 and more with a floor pitch from 50 cm to 1 meter. Each floor should have at least two longitudinal strips and transverse, every meter. Be sure to at the corners should be the strengthening of structures in the form of L-shaped rods, with fixation to the longitudinal reinforcement for one meter. Direct joining is carried out either by welding or wire;
• But now everything can be poured with a solution in the ratio of 1: 3, where you take 3 parts of sand to 1 part of cement and select water in such a way that the solution is in a thick porridge state. The brand of cement is not lower than M-400.

Practical observation! There is a lot to be done on the ribbon foundation of the solution; one cannot do without a concrete mixer. In addition, it is desirable to attract the maximum number of people at this stage, of course, you can also buy a ready-made solution and pack it up and pack it in a few hours. But most importantly: the solution is placed in layers in layers of 10 - 15 cm with mandatory tamping.

If you did not manage in one shift, and more than 8 hours passed from the moment of the last installation to the next, then you will have to wait. And the wait will last for a week until the previous solution stands. From the moment of pouring until the beginning of the construction of the walls, a pause of 2 to 3 weeks is necessary, specifically for the foundation to acquire the necessary strength.

Go to the walls

As in any construction, the beauty of the masonry depends on the first layer, and the attic of a timber can be beautiful only if the first crown is laid down correctly.

The technology of the first crown and subsequent, is carried out thus:

• On an even layer of the foundation, bitumen is poured, heated to the state of liquid, and the roofing material is laid 30 cm more than the width of the foundation. This procedure is repeated a second time;
• Then, on the finished cake, the lining board soaked in with antiseptics and compositions against ignition is rigidly fixed along the entire perimeter of the house. An ebb is fixed to this board, which will divert excess liquid from the walls of the building;
• The first timber is fastened on the same board, which is also impregnated with the same compounds and with the same goals. The connection of the timber with each other occurs as a spike into the groove, for which the tip of the timber is processed accordingly, the lateral abutment of the partitions is carried out with the help of a trapezoidal wedge called a dovetail. Each layer is laid jute insulation;

Note! It is believed that the connection spike in the groove is not necessary to lay a heater, but practice shows the opposite. Over time, the tree is somewhat deformed, the compounds may slightly, but disperse, leaving a passage for the cold.

If you warm the house, it is not so bad. And if the issue of warming is not immediately, then it is desirable to still lay insulation in these compounds.

• The crowns are interconnected by wooden crutches, called pins, which are driven into the beam through each meter.

Note! In the literature, you will find information that puddles are driven into 3 - 5 or even more logs, there are known options when the entire wall was fixed with pins through. But this occupation is rather laborious, so it’s easier to work with 30 cm products and drive them into 2 beams.

About the roof

If you need a loft from a timber, then it is already clear that the roof will be double-slope, and the platform itself may have a balcony and windows. In this case, the frame is made of rafters and crates, which is tightly fixed to the power plate. The mauerlat itself is fixed to the crown with metal clips.

The attic is made of timber with its own hands, although it is for the attic that you can apply the frame versions of the assembly with the obligatory insulation. Insulation is subject to all and floors of the one-and-a-half floor (or the ceiling of the first floor) and the roof of the attic and walls.

On a note! Attic level is better to do with the sandwich technology: firstly, warmly, secondly, any part is replaceable, thirdly, the price of puffs will be lower.

Finally

The era of single-storey buildings goes down in history, already the attic falls into the category of economy class (read also the article Projects of houses from a bar with an attic: how to choose the most suitable for you). The video in this article has prepared a visual coverage of the topic.