House of timber 8x10: tips for the builder

What is the foundation for building a house of 8 to 10 of timber? How much material to purchase for its walls? How to connect timber in the corners and splice on straight sections of the walls? In the article we have to find answers to these and some other questions.

Foundation

I hope

Wood is a relatively lightweight material. The density of a dry tree is three times - four times less than that of a red ceramic brick.

If we recall the fact that thanks to the best insulating qualities of the wall material, you can build more subtle - the conclusions are obvious: a wooden house will weigh a little.

How little? Let's calculate the approximate mass of the house from a bar 8x10. We agree that the house is one-storey, with a height of walls 3.2 meters. The thickness of the timber used as a building material is 150 millimeters.

Please note: we deliberately neglect the area of ​​openings and gables. The decrease in the mass of the walls due to the doors and windows is partly offset by its increase due to the construction of solid gables; In addition, our task is to perform only an approximate calculation.

In order not to complicate the task beyond what is necessary, we will build our calculations on three assumptions:

• The density of the dry bar is 500 kg / m3.
• The total mass of the structure, with the balance of its construction, is approximately equal to twice the mass of the external walls.
• To compensate for the influence of unaccounted factors (for example, the snow load in an extremely snowy winter), we introduce a safety factor of 1.3.

Load calculation

So, on what load you need to count the foundation for a log house?

• The total length of the walls is 8 + 8 + 10 + 10 = 36 meters.
• Their area is 36 * 3.2 = 115.2 m2.
• The volume with a thickness of 0.15 meters is 115.2 * 0.15 = 17.28 m3.
• Weight - 17.28 * 0.5 = 8.64 tons.
• It would be, taking into account the mass of other structures and the safety margin, the foundation should be calculated based on the load of not less than 8.64 * 2 * 1.3 = 22.5 tons.

Solutions

The cheapest and most universal solution is the foundation for a log house on screw piles. It transfers the load from the loose or ductile upper layers of the soil to the more dense layers below; at the same time screw piles do not require site preparation or terracing of the slope.

The payload of one pile of the most driving size - 108/300 mm (pipe / blade) - depends on the type of soil and in the worst case is estimated at about 2 tons. It is precisely this value that is worth being guided by without preliminary geological studies.

Obviously, for the construction of a house of 8x10 profiled timber, you will need at least 11-12 piles, which, if self-screwing, will cost only 20-40 thousand rubles.

Please note: such a large variation in cost is due to the fact that you can find piles not only of different lengths, but also with different types of tips (the price of a cast tip is much higher than welded), and with a different anti-corrosion coating (galvanized piles are more expensive than painted) .

Pillar foundation is built on the ground without significant differences in height. It is easy to build it with your own hands, but in this case a certain amount of earthwork is required: brick or stone pillars are deepened by 20-50 centimeters and installed on a sandy bedding.

The most expensive (but also having the greatest bearing capacity) foundation is a strip one. The reinforced tape 40-60 centimeters wide is laid not only under the outer wall, but also under the massive internal partitions. First of all - under the one of them, which will become a support for floor beams.

Material calculation

How long does a lumber need for a house at 8 by 10? Before us is a simple task from the school geometry course.

Instructions for calculating the number of profiled beam size 150x150 for the construction of a house consists of the following steps:

• The surface of the walls is divided into elementary geometric shapes - rectangles and triangles with a known size of the sides.
• Their area is summed up (in the case of openings, it is easier to subtract their area from the total area of ​​the wall).
• The result is multiplied by the thickness of the timber. To the resulting number is added about 15% for pruning.

Suppose we are building a 8x10 house from a profiled bar with a cross section of 140 mm. The height of the outer walls is 3 meters; The height of the gables of a simple gable roof is the same 3 meters. The house has four doors measuring 2 * 0.9 meters and 12 windows measuring 1.2 * 1.4 meters.

The standard length of the beam is 6 meters. Therefore, to support the floor beams, which will have to be spliced, we will need at least one solid partition. We will place it along the house.

• Each gable can be represented as two right-angled triangles with legs 3 and 4 meters long. The area of ​​one such triangle is 3 * 4/2 = 6 m2, the area of ​​all gables without openings - 6 * 4 = 24 m2.
• The area of ​​the outer walls and the longitudinal partition is (10 + 10 + 10 + 8 + 8) * 3 = 138 m2.
• The area of ​​the openings is 4 * (2 * 0.9) + 12 * (1.2 * 1.4) = 27.36 m2.
• The total area of ​​all solid structures from a bar minus openings is 24 + 138-27.36 = 134.64 m2.
• The volume of wall material is 134.64 * 0.14 = 18.8496 m2. Taking into account the stock we have to buy 22 cubic meters of timber.

Do not forget: we calculated only the number of profiled bar for the walls. Frame partitions, rafters and beams are calculated separately; the calculation requires preliminary drawing up of a detailed sketch.

Connections

We will have to connect the timber both in the corners and on straight sections of the walls: their length exceeds the length of the timber. What kind of connections are possible?

Corners

The half-tree connection is one of the simplest. The ends of both connecting bars are selected at half the thickness. So that the angle is not blown, the connection (like the rest of the timber) is laid with natural hemp or jute fiber.

The main disadvantage of the semi-wood connection is that during drying the volume of the timber decreases. If dried profiled (and even more glued) timber was purchased for construction, the corners will not be blown in any case; but if the wood was originally moisture of 30 percent or more, the joints will have to be caulked again after shrinking.

Куда более разумная альтернатива - соединение » в теплый угол» (оно же - «в коренной шип»). Шип шириной от 1/4 до 1/2 ширины бруса выбирается на торце одного из соединяющихся брусьев; сбоку второго углового бруса выбирается соответствующих размеров шип. Благодаря сложной конфигурации соединение не продувается; кроме того, оно препятствует взаимному смещению бруса.

It is useful to know a few nuances:

1. The groove is made slightly larger than the spike (about a millimeter in all sizes). We need to leave room for the seal.
2. Crowns are fixed with dowels in increments of not more than 1.5 meters; at the same time, the nog must necessarily be present in every corner of the log house.
3. The spike can be not only straight, but also expand from the base. In this case, the connection will be noticeably stronger.

Note: we considered the simplest corner joints with no residue, in which the timber is not protruding beyond the corner. Compounds with the rest of the more reliable and better protect against drafts, however, increase construction costs.

Straight walls

The simplest solution for splicing timber on straight sections of the walls is the notorious joint in the half-tree. Unlike corners, the beam is not selected horizontally, but vertically: in this case the connection will not be blown. Lack of shift is provided with dowels.

Conclusion

Let's hope that the reader has found the answers he needs in the article. If something remains unclear - the video in this article will tell you more about it. Successes in construction!