House of opilkobetona: a review of the material, technology
So, in this article we are building a house from opilkobeton - the features of this material will be considered in detail and the installation manual will be covered in detail.
Let's start with a review of key issues.
What is opilkobeton and whether to make a house out of it
In fact, opilkobeton (aka arbolit) is not a new material - it was invented during the Soviet Union, but so far it has not been used very widely.
In fact, this concrete consists of cement, sand, lime and sawdust. It happens in the form of finished blocks and in the form of a mixture.
The more in the composition of such concrete sawdust, the better its insulating qualities. However, if there is a lot of sawdust and little sand, then the overall strength of the material decreases - this should always be remembered.
Применяется данный материал for таких целей:
- for строительства несущих стен и перегородок in low-rise construction;
Обратите внимание на то, что из-за не очень высокой прочности на сжатие, не рекомендуется применять опилкобетон for строительства зданий, высота которых превышает один этаж. Но если вы строите коттедж, и очень уж хочется применить материал, то тут лучше немного «схитрить» - первый этаж построить из крепкого камня, а уже второй из опилкобетона.
- for возведения заборов и беседок;
- for pouring concrete pillars;
- for утепления фундаментов и полов.
As for the specific properties of opilkobeton, then there is definitely something to think about.
| Benefits: | Disadvantages: |
| 1. Relatively low material cost. | 1. Not very high density of concrete material. And if it is increased by reducing the amount of sawdust and increasing the proportion of sand, then the insulating benefits are lost. |
| 2. High thermal insulation qualities. The wall of opilkobeton according to its heat-shielding characteristics is equal to a wall one meter thick, made of brick. | 2. The fragility of the blocks. Strong mechanical shock material is unlikely to survive - just simply split. |
| 3. It is easy to work with the material due to the fact that it is lightweight. And the finished blocks can be cut with a regular hacksaw. | 3. High level of moisture absorption. But it is easy to fix - just do not leave opilkobeton without an additional protective layer of plaster or putty. |
| 4. Сырье for самостоятельного приготовления бетона несложно достать – опилки ведь не являются дефицитным или дорогим товаром, согласитесь. | 4. Independently difficult to make a mixture with the correct proportion of all components. That is, in order to achieve optimal durability of opilkobeton and normal thermal insulation qualities, you need to know exactly how much to add to the solution. |
| 5. High sanitary and hygienic qualities, due to the presence of lime and sawdust in the solution. | |
| 6. Fire resistance. The wood inside the cement-sand mortar is not flammable. | |
| 7. Opilkobeton has a relatively small weight, which allows you to make an economical version of the foundation. | |
| 8. The material has excellent vapor permeability. That is, quite simply, the walls of such a house will “breathe”, and thanks to this, we will always have a comfortable microclimate indoors. |
As you can see, the advantages are much greater than the disadvantages. So the conclusion here is very simple - it is quite possible to build small houses from the material. By the way, it is quite possible and a bath of opilkobetona - with their own hands from such a mixture and build it cheap, and the heat inside will be stored perfectly.
Now let's look at another popular question.
What is better to use: blocks or monolith
Of course, each technology has its own distinctive features, which consist in the following:
| House of blocks: | Monolithic: |
| 1. Good because you can build gradually, slowly - so to speak, when there is time. | 1. It is better to fill the monolith as quickly as possible so that the joints filled with the mixture that are filled at different times are not fragile. |
| 2. Any configuration of walls is possible. It does not need any formwork. | 2. Создать сложную конфигурацию линии стен достаточно сложно – придется повозиться с опалубкой. Но зато опалубка for обыкновенного прямоугольного периметра монтируется за считанные часы. |
| 3. Blocks can be stored for a long time. | 3. Если до начала строительства далеко, то компоненты for бетонной смеси лучше не покупать заранее. Цемент может под воздействием влаги превратиться в прочные крупные глыбы, а опилки могут сгнить. |
| 4. To build walls of blocks is not a very quick exercise. Because at once a lot of stone cannot be laid - it is necessary to wait until the solution dries in the seams of the previous rows. | 4. Pouring the mixture into the formwork can be done literally in one day. Everything here, in fact, depends only on the speed of preparation of the solution. |
In principle, it turns out that each method is good in its own way. However, experienced masters recommend (if possible, of course) still apply the option of pouring walls. At a minimum, because there will be no joints between the masonry, which will significantly increase the insulating qualities of the house.
In general, it is possible to use the blocks without heat losses as a result. Only here such walls then have to be further warmed. Moreover, it is very desirable to do this with mineral wool - if you use polystyrene foam, then one of the main advantages of opilkobeton is lost - vapor permeability.
So, as an illustrative example, we build a monolithic house from opilkobeton.
House of monolithic opilkobetona
It should be noted that we will consider the brief and the simplest scheme of work, but it is not universal! Specifically, in your situation there may be a lot of nuances that will have to do something quite differently than in the instructions published below.
Remember this.
We will not describe the device of the foundation, because there are many types of this design and which one you will use is a topic for another conversation.
Suppose that in our case this is the most common option - a tape base and analyze only how to fill the walls with sawdust concrete.
Let's start.
Installation of formwork and installation of reinforcement cage
The walls, in fact, are made very simply - just like from any other concrete.
The frame is made of reinforcement, formwork boards are installed on both sides of it, and all the free space is filled with concrete.
Обратите внимание! Постарайтесь заранее предусмотреть, где в стенах должны быть отверстия for труб, ниши for окон и т.п. Если этого не сделать, то потом вам придется познакомиться еще и с такой работой, как резка железобетона алмазными кругами.
Everything is done in approximately the following order (let's take a look at the example of one wall assembly):
- The bars of the reinforcement of the desired length are cut.
- If a metal is not vertically released from the foundation, then it is necessary to drill holes in the concrete and hammer the reinforcement bars in them vertically (to the height of the future wall). The distance between them should be about half a meter. If the foundation is very durable and holes cannot be made, then pay attention to such a service as diamond drilling of holes in concrete - in theory, with the help of a professional tool, everything will turn out to be drilled.
- If the valve is installed vertically, then you need to attach transverse horizontal bars to it. So that the original grid with a size of cells about 50 by 50 cm turned out.
If everything is done, then you can begin to build the formwork. This is done very simply.
On both sides of the previously mounted vertical frame made of reinforcement need to install (on the edge) wooden sheets, plywood, for example. In order to keep the formwork upright and not to fall, it is usually propped up with triangular stands of timber.
After that proceed directly to the concrete work.
Opilkobeton pouring
This is the easiest stage.
A mixture is prepared (or delivered by a mixer) and the whole mass is poured into the space between the sheets.
It is very important to prevent the formation of voids. Therefore, it is necessary to try to thoroughly tamp down the whole mixture filled - this can be done even with an ordinary hoe.
In addition, if the pouring does not occur “at once”, then remember one rule: it is impossible for the “docking” of frozen concrete and fresh concrete to run vertically. Better stack the mixture in horizontal rows - so the walls will be more durable.
In principle, if the walls are poured, then after the mortar has dried and the formwork has been removed, the installation of the roof can begin. It is done in the same way as in any other house.
That's all. Let's sum up.
Conclusion
We have briefly figured out what scheme is used to build a monolithic house of opilkobeton and what this material is. We hope that the general principle of technology is now clear to you and you will be able to apply this knowledge in practice. Well, if you want to read more information on this topic, then by all means check out the video in this article.