Footing: the simplest and capital. purpose and methods of

In fact, it is very easy to understand what a footing is. Here, even the name speaks for itself - it is a layer of thin concrete, which is prepared for a comfortable and economical pouring of the main volume of the mixture. In fact, this layer is placed under the main layer of concrete when making slab foundations, for example.

But here, why specifically it needs to be done (and whether it is necessary at all) is worth understanding in detail. In addition, it will be useful to consider the installation manual for such a base.

Let's start with the most important thing.

Purpose of footing

Стоит отметить, что подготовительный слой может быть сделан разными способами и материалы могут применяться разные. Однако смысл, назначение этой работы остается одинаковым (читайте также статью «Методы склеивания таких материалов, как пенополистирол и бетон, с целью создания качественного утепления»).

In addition, the presence of such a depreciation layer improves the strength characteristics of the entire structure as a whole. At least due to the fact that the base layer dries and gains strength better, better.

Note that the footing device involves the use of an inexpensive concrete mix. As a rule, “lean” concrete B3.5-B7.5 is used. That is, it turns out that due to the preparation of such a layer, the total price of the project is reduced, since a significant amount of total cubic capacity is filled with a composition with a lower cost.

So, why this kind of work is needed is probably understandable. Now let's see how this is all done.

Ways to make footings

Прежде чем начать стоит отметить, что подбетонка - это, прежде всего очень желаемая мера, но не всегда обязательная (см.также статью «Деформационный шов в бетоне: необходимость применения и особенности реализации»).

That is, to put it simply, if you have a non-scale project and the draft foundation consists of an old screed and no loose soil or uneven relief, and there is no mention, then such work is simply impractical.

So objectively assess the situation - it is not worth wasting your time where such additional work does not affect the final quality.

Let us return to the options for the device of such a layer. As an illustrative example, take the preparation for pouring slab foundation.

Installation of the simplest footing

To work we need this:

1. Crushed stone
2. Thrombosis device. It is easiest to make from wood or metal.

1. Liquid bitumen.
2. Good and durable shovels.

You can start.

1. The required amount of granite rubble is poured onto the working area. As a rule, the material is poured from the dump truck and as a result a large pile of rubble is obtained.
2. Using shovels, stones are evenly distributed over the entire surface.
3. Tamper fixture is taken and crushed stone compacted over the entire area.
4. On the resulting plane put a layer of bitumen.

Tip: you can save and apply not bitumen, but more or less durable roofing material or even film. Especially good waterproofing in the future, in any case, it will not, but at least these materials will allow the concrete to harden (without loss of moisture).

In general, the simplest version of footing is implemented.

Now consider how to do it as correctly as possible.

Device of capital footing

So, we have a working area with loose soil and the risk of the emergence of groundwater.

1. We determine the highest point of the groundwater - the footing will have to be done just up to this level (well, in any case, it is desirable to do just that).
2. With the help of shovels, we try to level and plan the soil.
3. We fall asleep at the bottom of the pit sand and evenly distribute it over the surface, and then ramming.
4. We lay a film or roofing felt on top of the sand.
5. We make a kind of “cage” with a cell size of about 60 by 60 cm from fine reinforcement.

1. If desired, install the guide lines - beacons. On them it is convenient to stretch the mixture to get the most even surface in the end.
2. Stir the cement, sand, gravel and water - should get a homogeneous thick mass.
3. Fill the solution and using the rule distribute it over the entire area.
4. After the solution dries, it must be treated with bitumen and, in fact, the device is finished on the footing.

Tip: in almost every such construction, holes are made for communications. As a rule, for this, cutting of reinforced concrete with a diamond grinder is used, or simply drilling with a standard perforator. But it is possible to significantly simplify and speed up the work, if such holes are “pawned” in advance - in still damp concrete.

But even if you just simply forgot about such moments, and not only the lining layer, but also the main slab is filled, you should not despair, because you can always use such a service as diamond drilling of holes in concrete with powerful industrial equipment.

In principle, that's all. Technology Review is complete. Let's sum up.

Conclusion

We have dealt with in detail that this is a footing and how it is done. Also familiar with the cases in which it is worth doing and in which it is not. We hope that all the information provided will be useful for you in practice (learn here how to pour concrete steps yourself).

Well, if you want to know more, be sure to check out the additional video in this article - there are many interesting and useful things in this video!